Clastic
What is the difference between conglomerate rock and breccia?
Conglomerate have rounded edges (took longer to form) and breccia has angular sharp edges (less time during transport)
What is it called when no more minerals can be dissolved in water?
Point of Saturation!
What is the most common biologic rock?
Limestone
Compare non foliated and foliated textures
Nonfoliated rocks lack mineral grains with long axes in one direction. Foliated have wavy layers and bands of minerals
What are the three main groups of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, Chemical, Organic
Name three ways that scientist classify clastic rocks?
Coarse grained, medium grained, and fine grained.
What were the four reactants for chemical weathering?
Oxygen
Water
Acid
Organisms
In what type of rock can ripple marks and oil be found ?
Sandstone
What is contact metamorphism
Happens when molten rocks such as those in igneous intrusion, come in contact with solid rock.
What is the maximum porosity of medium grained sedimentary rocks?
30%
Name five types of clastic rocks
Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, Siltstone, Mudstone, Shale
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
What are some common organic sedimentary rocks
Limestone and Coal
What is foliation?
When a metamorphic rock has bands from compressed material
What is lithification
Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.
What is the most common medium grained rock?
Sandstone
What are the most common Evaporite materials?
Calcite, Halite, and Gypsum
What type of rock forms from silt and clay, has a low porosity and stops movement of groundwater and oil among other things?
Shale!
Does regional metamorphism use more heat or pressure to metamorphic rocks?
pressure
Where does graded bedding often occur?
In marine sedimentary rocks that were deposited by underwater landslides.
How do clastic rocks develop different-sized particles?
Because of its large mass, gravel is transported by high energy flows of water; such as those generated by mountain streams, flooding rivers, some ocean waves and glacial meltwater.
During transport → gravel becomes abraded and rounded as the particles scrape one another. (beach rocks rounded)
Name two examples of a chemical sedimentary rock
Gypsum, Rock salt, travertine, chert, limestone, dolostone
How is coal formed?
-Over long periods of time, thick layers of vegetation slowly accumulate in swamps and coastal areas → buried and compressed → lithified into coal.
What are two examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
Quartzite and Marble
What are the four agents of erosion?
Wind, Moving water, gravity, and glaciers