Sediments + Sedimentary Rocks
The two broad categories of sedimentary rocks.
What are terrigenous and non-terrigenous sedimentary rocks?
A point where two sedimentary layers meet, which can be either a bedding plane or an unconformity.
What is a contact?
What are the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic?
The sedimentological record of a depositional environment ie. Lithology, sed structures, fossil content, change in shape and vertical distribution.
What is a sedimentary facies?
Logs that use electrical pulses in wells to measure how well the current can pass through.
What are resistivity logs?
The three components of a sedimentary rock.
What are grains, matrix, and cement?
The three most common types of unconformities.
What is angular unconformity, disconformity, and nonconformity?
The bottom of the Cambrian is the base of this era and the top of this eon.
What is the Paleozoic and Proterozoic?
Present day lithology, fossil content, primary sedimentary structures, and geometric shape/vertical distribution are the characteristics used to describe these.
What are modern analogs?
A stratigraphic interval bounded by unconformities and their correlative conformities mapped with sound waves.
What is a Seismic Sequence?
A mappable rock unit
What is a formation?
The sequence of layers that are used to define a particular SYSTEM.
What is a type section/type locality?
The basic principle that William Smith developed for stratigraphy.
What is faunal succession?
This event will typically lead to a vertical sequence of Sand, Mud, and then Carbonate sediment.
What is a transgressional event?
The technique used to eliminate noise and amplify the signal of seismic surveys.
What is the use of Common Depth Points?
The three most abundant minerals found in sedimentary rocks.
What is Quarts, Feldspar, and Clay minerals?
The five factors that make a good index fossil.
What is abundant, well preserved, readily available, short LAD + FAD, and geographically wide?
The difference between a geologic system and geologic period.
What is one is a lithologic unit and the other is a time-rock unit?
This sequence is a lithostratigraphic unit seperated vertically by unconformities deposited during transgressions, with sandstone lithology getting younger towards the center of the craton.
What is a sloss sequence?
What is a deep marine environment?
The process causing laterally adjacent sediments to be different in age.
What is progradation?
The difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism/gradualism.
What is taking aspects of both, rather than having rigid rules that only adhere to either one. (CATASTROPHIC UNIFORMITARIANISM/EPISODIC SEDIMENTATION)
Composite of piles of geologic material organized by index fossils. It grew over time by contributions from geologists.
What is the geologic column?
The most important factors to consider when creating a general model for facies analysis.
What is plate tectonics, lithospheric reheating, isostasy, and eustasy?
This rock unit will reflect high resistivity, high SP, low density, low PE, density, and Gamma.
What is a coal unit?