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Leader of the Montgomery bus boycott
Who is Dr. MLK Jr.?
Separate-but-equal? (1896)
Black Americans = (de jure) equal, but not allowed to have same privileges as white Americans. Approval of segregation.
Residential segregation?
Segregation by place of residence -
Black Americans often lived in inner cities, while white Americans predominantly lived in sub-urbs.
Democrat who enforced Head Start during 1963-68 legislature
Who is Lyndon B. Johnson
Refused to offer her seat to a white person in a segregated bus
Who is Rosa Parks?
Effects?
public schools were to present plans on how to achieve "racial balance"
attempt to desegregate public schools
annulment of de jure segregation in public spaces > stricking down separate-but-equal
Students had to attend the school closest to their home: True/False?
True, this was a universal rule before Brown vs. Board of Education
Head Start?
Help kids from less privileged families to reach same level as kids from more fortunate families before they hit 1st grade
de jure
by law
When did effects happen?
Brown vs. Board of Education went on from 1952-54
attempts to desegregate from 1954-74
Bussing?
Transportation of students to schools out of their original school district > attempt to reduce residential segregation
Upward Bound?
Provide tutoring, work-study programs, remedial teaching for older kids
de facto
through informal means
Trend today?
Resegregation during 80s
As of 2016, >40% of schools are mostly entirely African American (larger figures if you count Latino & Asian American students)
White flight
White people "fleeing" to the sub-urbs to prevent their kids from having to go to desegregated schools. Rich people send their kids to private schools to avoid this.
More successful? Bonus: Why?
Head Start is more successful than Upwards Bound because the latter's funds were cut.
Which type of segregation was typical of the North/ the South?
North: de facto
South: de jure
National Guard at school! Why?
To enforce desegregation at schools (aka protect black students at white schools)
Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957
Lily-White sub-urb
sub-urb that is as white as a lily, because there's little to no ethnical diversity
Positive Discrimination?
favoring of women/ minority groups and thereby neglection of more privileged groups