Discriminatory Laws
The name given to laws that discriminated against African Americans in the US
Jim Crow Laws
During the Segregation era, ______ schools often lacked school supplies, were in buildings that were old and lacked heating, and were far away from where their students lived
Black
This man broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947
Jackie Robinson
This type of tax was passed in many southern states in an attempt to prevent Black Americans from voting
What team did Jackie Robinson join when becoming the first black player in the MLB
Brooklyn Dodgers
Many cities and states during the segregation era passed these types of local laws that defined where the different races could live
Racial Zoning Laws
Illiteracy and a lack of education prevented Black people from obtaining higher-level jobs, few Black people held white-collar jobs, and many Black people earned much lower wages than White people showing how _______ played out in the workplace
segregation
President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981 which desegregated what?
The Military
Poll taxes, gerrymandering, and the White primary were all tactics used to ________, or deny voting rights, to African American voters in the first half of the 20th century
disenfranchise
A lawsuit filed by people on behalf of themselves and a larger group who might also benefit from the case’s outcome is known as a
Class Action-Lawsuit
A barrier—created by custom, law, and economic differences—that separated White people from non-White people was called
The Color Line
Many parts of the US had discriminatory laws against African Americans, but the region with the most was the discriminatory laws was ____
the South
The Supreme Court case that challenged segregated schools in the US was
Brown v Board of Education
The practice of redrawing the lines of a voting district to give one party or group of voters an unfair advantage
gerrymandering
This was a key piece of evidence in the decision of Brown v. Board of Education by showing that segregation harmed African American children by perpetuating negative stereotypes
The Doll Test
segregation by law is known as
De Jure Segregation
an agreement among neighbors not to sell or rent to African Americans or others based on race, religion, or ethnicity is called
Restrictive Covenant
the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren from 1953 to 1969, known for its activism on civil rights and free speech was known as
The Warren Court
African Americans were denied access to these types of political events to ensure that only White people would get elected into office
White Primaries
The man that argued the case for the NAACP in the Brown v Board Case and who became the first Black Supreme Court Justice was
Thurgood Marshall
segregation established by practice and custom rather than by law is called
De Facto Segregation
Many states passed laws outlawing _____ or the marriage between Black and White people
Miscegenation
In 1955, the Supreme Court issued a second ruling known as ______ which instructed states to begin desegregation “with all deliberate speed”. They did this because they wanted desegregation to happen quickly but also recognized the obstacles that stood in the way.
Brown II
This Civil Rights group fought to end segregation in many court cases
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
The three Civil Rights groups listed in the fight against segregation in this chapter were
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), NAACP, National Urban League