Communication
What is the main role of the nervous system in sport?
To receive information, process it, and coordinate movement responses.
What is the function of skeletal muscles?
To contract and produce movement at joints.
What is force?
A push or pull that can change an object’s motion.
What is an acute injury?
An injury that occurs suddenly, such as a sprain, strain, or fracture.
What is a variable?
A factor that can be measured, changed, or controlled in an investigation.
What is a stimulus in sport?
A change in the environment that an athlete responds to, such as a whistle, ball movement, or opponent action.
What type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens?
Concentric contraction.
State Newton’s first law.
An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an external force.
What is an overuse injury?
An injury caused by repeated stress over time, such as tendinitis or stress fractures.
What is the independent variable?
The variable that is changed or compared by the researcher.
What is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons?
Sensory neurons carry information to the CNS; motor neurons carry commands from the CNS to muscles.
What is the role of tendons?
They connect muscles to bones and transfer force to create movement.
How does Newton’s second law apply to sport?
Greater force produces greater acceleration, depending on mass.
Give one intrinsic risk factor for injury.
Poor flexibility, muscle imbalance, previous injury, age, fatigue, or poor technique.
What is the dependent variable?
The variable that is measured as the outcome.
Why is reaction time important in sport?
It helps athletes respond quickly to changing situations, such as a goalkeeper reacting to a shot.
What is an antagonist muscle?
A muscle that opposes or controls the action of the agonist muscle.
Why does a volleyball player bend their knees when landing?
To increase the time over which force is absorbed, reducing impact force and injury risk.
Give one extrinsic risk factor for injury.
Playing surface, equipment, weather, rules, footwear, or opponent contact.
What does reliability mean in SEHS data collection?
That measurements are consistent and repeatable.
Give one example of communication between systems during a sprint start.
The auditory system detects the starting signal, the nervous system processes it, and motor neurons activate the leg muscles.
During the upward phase of a squat, identify the joint action and main muscle group at the knee.
Knee extension; mainly the quadriceps.
Explain how friction can help performance in a sprint start.
Friction between the shoe and track allows the athlete to push backward against the ground and move forward effectively.
Why can poor landing technique increase ACL injury risk?
It can increase knee valgus, high impact forces, and poor control at the hip and knee.
Why should a vertical jump test use repeated trials?
To reduce random error and produce a more reliable estimate of performance.