Topic 1
What connects bone to muscle?
Tendon
list 2 functions of conducting ariways?
Low resistance pathway for airflow
defensed against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhaled
Warming and moistening the air
Scientific name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
Acetylcholine and Cholinesterase
List the factors that affect projectile motion at take-off or release
Height, angle and speed of release
Where is the mandible located on the skeleton?
Jaw (if said head, allow for point)
What gases get transported through the gaseous exchange? (theres 2)
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart
What does DOM's stand for
Delayed onset muscle soreness
What is the angular momentum equation?
Angular Momentum = Angular Velocity x Moment of Inertia
Name an irregular bone
vertebræ, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.
Which comes first Bronchi or Bronchioles( from head to toe)?
bronchi
Which part of the hear takes in deoxygenated blood from the body?
Vena Cava (wont take superior or inferior vena cava, but if listed both accept)
List all the types of muscle contraction
isotonic, isometric, isokinetic, concentric and eccentric
Apply Newtons third law to a sporting reference?
Will judge what they say
In which broad term for the muscle is the semimembranosus located?
E.G: The sartorius is located on the quads
Hamstrings
What is tidal volume?
Normal inhaling and exhaling during quiet breathing
Which part of the heart gives oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
Aorta
List 5 synovial joint movements
any of these
flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, pronation,
supination, elevation, depression,
rotation, circumduction, dorsiflexion,
plantar flexion, eversion and
inversion
During a Fosbury flop, where it the centre of mass located whilst in the middle of this jump.
Outside the body below and inline with the middle of the thoracic (spine)
What two colours does bone marrow come in, within a long bone?
Red and yellow
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume?
the amount of air that an individual can inhale above a tidal inspiration
What is the scientific name for the SA node?
sino-atrial node
Explain sliding filament theory, in brief, best answer will receive the points? (only 1 winner in this question)
The thick myosin filaments have projections called myosin heads - These attach to specific areas on the actin filaments called active sites - On the active site, there is a protein called tropomyosin. This prevents the myosin heads binding to the actin - Another protein called troponin can neutralise the effect of tropomyosin BUT only in the presence of calcium - When a nerve impulse is transmitted it stimulates the release of calcium - This removes the tropomyosin from the active site, which enables the myosin heads to bind to the actin forming cross-bridges - This stimulates the breakdown of ATP releasing energy - The cross-bridges once formed, swivel towards the middle of the sarcomere pulling the actin over the myosin and making the muscle shorter - The myosin head swivels and collapses then reforms on another active site further along the actin (like oars moving through water) - When the nerve stimulation stops the calcium ions are removed and the muscle returns to its original length
3.1!
State the chemical composition of a protein molecule?
CHON ratio of 1:1:1:1 1
Carbon : 1 Hydrogen : 1 Oxygen : 1 Nitrogen