Types
Both sides of the brain affected, can result in loss of conciousness
Generalized
A seizure lasting 30 minutes + or three tonic clonic seizures
Status Epilepticus- emergency
Epilepsy is acute or chronic
Chronic
Anti-epileptic medication that also has many off label uses including AUD, neuropathic pain, anxiety
Gabapentin
How long does a patient have to be seizure free before driving?
6 months (MA law)
localized to one cerebral hemisphere
Focal
What test will show abnormal discharge in brain activity
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
The cause of a seizure is
abnormal electrical impulses in the brain
Most AEDs are in what pregnancy category
D
Should an epilepsy patient stop taking their medication once their seizures stop?
NO
brief sudden loss of conciousness, staring off
Absence or Petit mal
Without a clear structural cause for epilepsy, what else can be done for testing?
Genetic testing
Adequate sleep plays a role in epilepsy,true or false?
TRUE
Seizure medication that can cause respiratory depression
Diazepam (valium)
Length, mental status when they come out of it, incontinence, ability to talk, ask about sensations, note muscle tone
rhythmic jerking
Clonic
What two imaging studies should be done to rule out a structural lesion in the brain?
MRI and CT scan
What is the leading cause of epilepsy in adults over 35?
Stroke
This medication, if above the therapeutic index may cause ataxia, nystagmus, and cognitive impairment.
Phenytoin/Dilantin
Which side should the patient be rolled on to post seizure
left side
muscle rigidity, limbs jerk, convulsions, may be incontinent
What four studies should be done to rule out metabolic abnormalities when diagnosing seizures?
CBC
Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
Kidney and liver function
urinalysis
What is the most studied seizure related neurotransmitter ?
GABA
What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?
flumazenil
What is the most important thing to do if your patient is having a seizure?
Maintain their safety