Selective Incorp
What is the main purpose of due process?
The legal principle requiring that the government must act fairly, follow standardized rules and procedures, respect the rights of all persons.
What were the "Black Codes"?
Laws enacted by Southern states to preserve white supremacy.
What significant precedent did the Gitlow v. New York case set?
It extended First Amendment protections to the states.
How many years passed between the 12th and 13th Amendments?
61 years
Before selective incorporation, how did the Bill of Rights apply to state governments?
It did not apply to states at all.
Which amendment first introduced the concept of due process?
5th Amendment
What were the Reconstruction Amendments?
13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments
In the Gitlow v. New York case, what was Benjamin Gitlow convicted of?
Violating New York's Criminal Anarchy Law
What was the impact of federal troops leaving the South after Reconstruction?
African Americans' political gains were quickly reversed
What does "prior restraint" refer to in the context of the First Amendment?
Government censorship before publication
What is eminent domain?
The government's power to take private property for public use with just compensation.
What was the primary goal of the Reconstruction Amendments?
To grant constitutional rights to blacks and former slaves
How did the Supreme Court rule in McDonald v. Chicago?
The Second Amendment applies to states through the 14th Amendment
Which amendment has not been fully incorporated to apply to the states?
Seventh Amendment
Which amendment was crucial in extending the Bill of Rights protections to state actions?
14th Amendment
What is selective incorporation?
The application of the Bill of Rights to state governments through the 14th Amendment
What clause in the 14th Amendment is used to protect civil rights?
Equal Protection Clause
What was the main issue in the McDonald v. Chicago case?
Right to keep and bear arms
Which of these rights has the Supreme Court NOT specifically incorporated to apply to the states?
Right to a grand jury in criminal cases
What is the significance of the phrase "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition" in Supreme Court decisions?
It's used to determine if a right is fundamental and should be incorporated
List two strategies used by Suffragists to draw attention to their cause?
Picketing, Pageants, challenging anti-women voting laws, campaigning to the states directly, hunger strikes, or protests are acceptable answers.
What year was the 19th amendment ratified?
1920
What SCOTUS case led to the collapse of the Jim Crow South?
Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Kansas
In New York Times v. United States, what was the name of the censorship power that the govt tried to use?
Prior Restraint
The law that ended segregation in public places and banned employement discrimination
The Civil Rights Act of 1964