Bones/joints
Classify the glenohumeral joint
Synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket
The function of the superior glenohumeral ligament is to
Prevent lateral and therefore inferior dislocation of the humerus + limits external rotation
State the nerve roots of the brachial plexus
C5-T1
State the muscles that insert into the common extensor origin of the forearm
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the functions of the palmar aponeurosis
Protects underlying vessels and nerves
Anchors the skin
Aids grip
What are the articular surfaces of the superior radioulnar joint
Head of radius and the radial notch of the ulna
State the functions of the annular ligament
Allows pronation/supination for radial head. Prevents inferior dislocation of radius.
State the different segments of the brachial plexus in order
Branches, cords, divisions, trunks, roots
State the origin and termination of the radial artery
Origin- brachial artery
Termination- deep palmar arch
What are the functions of the TFCC
Stabilises distal RUJ and ulnocarpal joints
Transmits and distributes loads from carpals to ulna
Helps facilitate complex movements of the wrist
State the movements that occur at the scapulothoracic joint
Elevation, depression, upward rotation, downward rotation, protraction and retraction
(+ abduction, adduction, internal + external rotation, anterior + posterior tilt)
List the ligaments of the radiocarpal joint
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
Which nerve innervates biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
Explain the different origins for the subclavian artery on the right and left side of the body
Left- originates from arch of aorta
Right- originates from brachiocephalic trunk
Describe digital sweep of the hand
Describes the path taken by the fingertips as the hand closes . Flex at MCP joints whilst IP joints remain extended. Role of lumbricals + interossei
State the carpal bones, starting laterally from the proximal row to the distal row
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Name the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament and differentiate their functions
Conoid part- limits protraction of scapula + produces axial rotation of clavicle
Trapezoid part- limits retraction of scapula + prevents medial dislocation of scapula
Which nerve innervates the skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits
Median nerve
List the muscles that perform shoulder extension
Latissimus dorsi
Posterior deltoid
Teres Major
Triceps- long head
Describe scapulohumeral rhythm
- Movement relationship between scapula and humerus
- Upward rotation of the scapula and abduction/flexion of the humerus occur synchronously
- 2 degrees of GHJ to 1 degree of ST motion
What movements occur at the 1st carpometacarpal joint. For each movement, state the plane and joint axis.
Flexion + extension= coronal plane, anteroposterior axis
Abduction + adduction= sagittal plane, transverse axis
Opposition= longitudinal axis
State 2 ligaments that contribute to the TFCC
Ulnotriquetral, ulnolunate, palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments, ulnar collateral ligament
Name the vulnerable sites for the radial nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve
Radial nerve= humeral fracture
Median nerve= deep cuts to the forearm, superficial cut at wrist, entrapment between heads of pronator teres, carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve= medial epicondyle, superficial cut at rest, fall onto hand/compression in Guyon's canal
State the attachments of brachialis
Distal 2/3 of anterior shaft of humerus
Ulnar tuberosity
Coronoid process of ulna
Describe the position of the wrist, forearm, MCP's and IP's in power grip
Wrist extension + radial/ulnar deviation
MCP's flexed
Thumb MCP abducted + opposed
IP's flexed