Attitudes
Define Status
The importance of an individual's position in the group as perceived by other members.
What is the difference between Conformity and Obedience?
Conformity is when a person changes their behaviour, thoughts, or feelings to match the group whereas Obedience is when a person follows the direct orders or instructions from someone in a position of authority.
What is the gestalt principles where we group elements that are close together in space as belonging to the same group or pattern.
Proximity
What is miraculin's effect on tastebuds? Provide an example of this.
Causes people to interpret sour foods as sweet. Example eating a lemon.
A swimming wants to investigate whether muscle mass impacts the speed of a 200m freestyle race. She uses her swimming class to test this theory.
What type of sample is this?
* Extra 100 points if you can identify the other two main samples used in psychology.
Answer: Convenience Sample
Other two main: Random and Stratified Sample
What is one condition of reducing prejudice?
Provide an example.
- sustained contact
- superordinate goals
- mutual interdependence
- Equality of Status
- Cognitive Interventions
Charlie needs to go to Fountain Gate to buys some apples, however he has heard of the recent machete crisis with youth crime and believes teenagers are quite reckless. This therefore makes Charlie feels nervous and stressed being around young people. So Charlie decides to get his brother Jett to go pick up the apples instead.
Identify the components of the Tricomponent Model within this scenario.
TRICOMPONENT MODEL OF BEHAVIOUR:
Affective Component: Charlie feeling nervous and stressed around young people.
Behaviour Component: Charlie decides to get his brother Jett to go pick up the apples instead.
Cognitive Component: Charlie believes teenagers are quite reckless.
What is the difference between bottom-up processing and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing is when perception begins with the raw sensory information coming from the environment. Whereas Top-down processing is when perception is guided by prior knowledge, expectations, past experience, or context.
What is the Müller-Lyer illusion?
This visual illusion causes people to misjudge the length of two lines due to the direction of arrowheads at the ends.
What will always stay the same? The IV or the DV?
The IV
What is the difference between an attitude and prejudice?
An attitude is an evaluation a person makes about an object, person, group, event, or issue, which can be positive, negative, or neutral.
Prejudice is a negative attitude specifically directed toward members of a group based on them belonging to that group.
What is the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present.
Bystander Effect
Name one example for each component of the biopsychosocial model and its effect on Perception.
Biological: Eye-sight quality, brain damage, ageing, genetics, disorders, fatigue, drug/alcohol, hormones.
Psychological: Mood, thoughts, emotions, perceptual set, past experience.
Social: Culture, status, education level, media exposure, family upbringing.
What is do we call the clouding of the eye’s lens, which sits behind the iris.
and
What is the most common cause of this?
Cataracts.
Most common cause: Ageing
What is the difference between within-subjects design and between-subjects design?
Between-Subjects Design: Different participants are assigned to different conditions or groups.
Within-Subjects Design: The same participants take part in all conditions of the experiment.
What is the difference between internal and external attribution?
Provide an example for each.
Internal attribution is explaining someone’s behaviour as being caused by their internal characteristics whereas external attribution is explaining someone’s behaviour as being caused by the situation or environment rather than the person.
Internal Attribution examples: traits, abilities, effort, mood, personality.
External Attribution examples: context, environment, luck, other people, or circumstances.
What are the 3 factors that reduce people's desire to help?
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Audience inhibition
- Cost-benefit analysis
What is the name of all the taste senses.
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami (Savoury)
What are the two types of agnosia?
Associative Visual Agnosia: difficulty in identifying what object is being viewed.
Apperceptive visual agnosia:difficulty in perceiving visual information.
What is an extraneous variable?
A variable that must be held constant so it does not interfere with the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
What are the 6 types of Power?
Reward Power, Coercive Power, Legitimate Power, Referent Power, Expert Power, Informational Power.
What are the 7 factors that influence Conformity
Culture, Informational influence, Deindividuation, Social Loafing, Group size, Unanimity, and Normative influence.
List all pictorial depth perception cues.
- Interposition
- Height in the Visual Field
- Linear Perspective
- Texture Gradient
- Relative Size
What are the two types of synaesthesia?
Grapheme–Colour Synaesthesia
Letters, numbers, or words automatically trigger the experience of specific colours.
Sound–to–Colour Synaesthesia (Chromesthesia)
Sounds such as music, voices, or environmental noises cause the experience of colours, shapes, or movement.
List the 6 ethical guidelines that must be met in all Psychology Experiments.
Informed Consent
Voluntary Participation
Withdrawal Rights
Confidentiality
No Harm Principle
Debriefing