Native Peoples & Exploration
What crop was most responsible for the development of complex societies in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica?
Maize (corn)
What was the first permanent English colony in North America?
Jamestown
What act passed by Parliament in 1765 required colonists to pay for official stamps?
Stamp Act
What doctrine warned European nations against colonizing the Western Hemisphere?
Monroe Doctrine
What president issued the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln
Which European country established the encomienda system in the Americas?
Spain
What religious group settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony seeking to purify the Church of England?
Puritans
What event, known for the phrase “the shot heard ‘round the world,” marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War?
Battles of Lexington and Concord
What was the belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast?
Manifest Destiny
What 1854 law allowed popular sovereignty to decide slavery in new territories and led to “Bleeding Kansas”?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
What was the primary motive behind the voyages of Christopher Columbus?
To find a westward route to Asia for trade
What labor system dominated the early Chesapeake colonies before African slavery?
Indentured servitude (indentured servants)
Who wrote Common Sense, which helped change public opinion toward independence?
Thomas Paine
What religious revival in the early 1800s led to reform movements across the U.S.?
Second Great Awakening
What Supreme Court decision declared that African Americans could not be considered citizens?
Dred Scott v. Sandford (Dread Scott Decision)
What 1494 treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What 1676 conflict highlighted tensions between settlers and the Virginia elite?
Bacon’s Rebellion
What agreement created the first official government of the U.S., later replaced by the Constitution?
Articles of Confederation
Who was one of the notable figures from the Second Great Awakening
Timothy Dwight, James McGready, Charles Grandison Finney, Henry Ward Beecher, and Lyman Beecher
What amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
Name one way Native Americans adapted to their environment prior to European contact.
Irrigation in the Southwest, mound-building in the Mississippi Valley, nomadic buffalo hunting in the Plains, etc.
What was the main cause of the Salem Witch Trials in 1692?
A mix of religious hysteria, social tensions, and local politics
What compromise at the Constitutional Convention resolved the issue of representation in Congress?
The Great Compromise
What treaty ended the Mexican-American War and gave the U.S. vast new territories?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
What was the name of the plan that aimed to bring Southern states back into the Union with leniency?
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan