Period 1
Which crop was developed by Native Americans and later spread to Europe?
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Corn
D. Sugar
C. Corn
What was the main reason for the founding of Jamestown?
A) Religious freedom
B) Gold and profit
C) Education
D) Escape war
B) Gold and profit
Jamestown was created by a joint-stock company for economic gain.
What war led Britain to tax the American colonies more heavily?
A) Civil War
B) French and Indian War
C) War of 1812
D) Mexican War
B) French and Indian War
Britain had huge debt → taxed colonies.
Which event doubled the size of the United States?
A) Mexican War
B) Louisiana Purchase
C) Civil War
D) War of 1812
B) Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase doubled U.S. territory.
What idea justified U.S. expansion in the 1840s?
A) Isolationism
B) Manifest Destiny
C) Neutrality
D) Communism
B) Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny = belief that U.S. should expand west.
What was the main goal of Spanish colonization?
A) Religious freedom
B) Gold, God, and Glory
C) Trade with Asia
D) Farming communities
B) Gold, God, and Glory
Which crop saved the Virginia colony and made it profitable?
A) Corn
B) Wheat
C) Tobacco
D) Cotton
C) Tobacco
Tobacco became the main cash crop in the South.
What was the main colonial argument against British taxation?
A) Taxes were too low
B) “No taxation without representation”
C) They wanted more taxes
D) Religious reasons
B) “No taxation without representation”
Colonists had no voice in Parliament.
What was the main idea of the Monroe Doctrine?
A) Expand slavery
B) Europe should not interfere in the Americas
C) Trade with Asia
D) Increase taxes
B) Europe should not interfere in the Americas
U.S. warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
Which war added large western territories to the U.S.?
A) Civil War
B) War of 1812
C) Mexican-American War
D) Revolutionary War
C) Mexican-American War
Mexican-American War → U.S. gained huge land (California, Southwest).
What was the most immediate effect of European contact on Native Americans?
A) Industrial growth
B) Population decline
C) Democracy
D) Urbanization
B) Population decline
Diseases like smallpox killed a lot
What was the main purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
A) Declare independence
B) Create self-government
C) End slavery
D) Trade agreement
B) Create self-government
It was an early form of self-rule by the Pilgrims.
What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
A) Too strong central government
B) No executive branch
C) Strong military
D) High taxes
B) No executive branch
Government was too weak → couldn’t enforce laws.
What was Jacksonian Democracy mainly about?
A) Power to elites
B) Expanding voting rights for common white men
C) Ending elections
D) Strong monarchy
B) Expanding voting rights for common white men
More political power for “the common man.”
What was the main issue causing sectional conflict before the Civil War?
A) Taxes
B) Slavery
C) Education
D) Immigration
B) Slavery
Debates over slavery expansion divided North and South.
How did English colonization differ from Spanish colonization?
A) English focused on mining
B) Spanish focused on settlement
C) English focused on permanent settlements
D) Both were identical
C) English focused on permanent settlements
English settlers came to live and settled, Spanish came for wealth and control
What was a major cause of Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)?
A) High taxes only
B) Conflict with Native Americans and inequality
C) Religious conflict
D) British invasion
B) Conflict with Native Americans and inequality
Poor farmers were angry at elites and lack of protection.
What event showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and led to the Constitution?
A) Boston Tea Party
B) Shays’ Rebellion
C) Declaration of Independence
D) War of 1812
B) Shays’ Rebellion
Farmers rebelled → government couldn’t stop it.
What was a major effect of the Market Revolution?
A) Less trade
B) Isolation
C) Growth of industry and transportation
D) End of cities
C) Growth of industry and transportation
Factories, railroads, and canals expanded.
What was the main goal of the Emancipation Proclamation?
A) End all slavery immediately
B) Free slaves in Confederate states
C) Give women rights
D) End the war instantly
B) Free slaves in Confederate states
It weakened the South and changed the war’s purpose.
The Columbian Exchange resulted in which of the following?
A) Isolation between continents
B) No major changes
C) Exchange of goods, animals, and diseases
D) End of Native cultures immediately
C) Exchange of goods, animals, and diseases
It connected the Old World and New World through exchanges.
Why did slavery increasingly replace indentured servitude in the colonies?
A) Slaves were cheaper short-term
B) Slaves provided permanent labor and more control
C) Indentured servants were illegal
D) Religious reasons
B) Slaves provided permanent labor and more control
Slaves = lifetime labor → more stable
What was the main disagreement between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
A) Slavery only
B) Size of military
C) Power of central government
D) Foreign policy
C) Power of central government
Federalists wanted strong gov; Anti-Federalists feared it.
What was the main goal of Manifest Destiny?
A) Stay on East Coast
B) Expand westward across the continent
C) Avoid war
D) Trade with Europe
B) Expand westward across the continent
Americans believed it was their destiny to expand west.
What was a major result of Reconstruction (1865–1877)?
A) Slavery expanded
B) African Americans gained rights (temporarily)
C) South became industrial immediately
D) No changes
B) African Americans gained rights (temporarily)
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments gave rights, but many were later limited.