Science Intro & The Study of Life
A testable explanation of a observation or problem is called _______________.
A hypothesis
What does a range of tolerance show?
Where an animal can and cant live because of limiting factors
What are the four biogeochemical cycles
Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
What stops trees from growing in Temperate grasslands?
Fire
The area where a population of organisms is found is called its __________
Range
When you design an experiment what you change/test is called ____________ and what you measure/watch/record is called _______________.
Independent Variable, Dependent Variable
What are the three ways to look at how energy moves in an ecosystem and describe them
Food Chain - selected organisms that show who consumes who in one direction, Food Web - all connections in an ecosystem of who consumes who, and Ecological pyramid - shows the amount of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next and the amount of biome mass at each trophic level
Which cycle does not take place in the atmosphere
Phosphorus
What abiotic factor impacts why there are trees in the Boreal Forest/Taiga but not in the Tundra
Permafrost
What is a k-strategist or give an example of one?
An organism that puts a lot of energy into its young, usually only has one or two babies at a time that are larger in size. (Elephant, Human, Horse)
When you sweat because it is hot, or shiver because it is cold this is..........
Maintaining Homeostasis
Give the three types of symbiotic relationships and generally describe what they are.
Mutualism (+/+), Commensalism (+/O), and Parasitism (+/-)
Order the biogeochemical cycles in order from most dependent on biotic factors to least dependent and explain why.
Nitrogen - It couldn't happen without bacteria
Carbon/Phosphorus (tied either is fine)- both rely on decomposition
Water - Could and would still happen without biotic factors
What are the three zones of a lake and how would you describe them? (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Littoral - Near the shore with lots of light
Limnetic - In open water but with lots of light
Profundal - Deep open water with little light
What are the two types of growth models and what general types of reproductive strategies do organisms have for each type?
Exponential - r- strategists
Logistic - k- strategists
What are the 5 parts of the scientific method? (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Observation, hypothesis, experiment, collect data, analyze data.
Compare things that are different in primary succession compared to secondary succession? (Team with the most correct will win the points)
1- Pioneer species (lichens and mosses)
2- Soil is created in primary and already there in secondary
3- Primary is slower than secondary
4 - Secondary comes from some natural disaster
Choose one biogeochemical cycle to draw completely
Water - Should show; Transpiration, Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation, Percolation, Run-off, bodies of water, the atmosphere, and soil
Carbon/Oxygen - Should show; fossil fuels, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Combustion of fossil fuels, Diffusion, Decomposition, plants, animals, bodies of water, the atmosphere, and soil.
Nitrogen - Should show- Nitrogen fixation, denitrification, absorption, Decomposition, plants, animals, bodies of water, the atmosphere, and soil.
Phosphorus - Should show - absorption, drainage, Decomposition, loss to sediment, weathering plants, animals, bodies of water, and soil.
Write the three categories of Aquatic Biomes and give the aquatic biomes that fit into each category.
Fresh - Rivers/Streams, Lakes and Ponds
Transitional - Wetlands, Estuaries
Marine - Intertidal, Coastal Ocean, Open Ocean
List the two categories of limiting factors and give an example of each. (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Density-Independent (Fire, Natural Disasters, and weather)
Density-Dependent (Competition, Food availability, decease, parasites, and predation)
Give as many of the Characteristics of life as you can. (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Has one or more cells, displays organization, grows/develops, reproduces, respond to stimuli, requires energy, maintains homeostasis, adapts/evolves.
List the 6 levels of organization from largest to smallest and give a brief description of each. (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Biosphere - the whole world, Biome - similar ecosystems found around the world, Ecosystem - multiple communities with abiotic factors found in one geographic area, Community - many different populations found in one area, Population - a group of the same species living in one area, organism - one individual.
What are the 4 biogeochemical cycles and give an identifying characteristic about each. (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Water - Least reliant on Biotic factors, involves (Transpiration, Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation, and Percolation)
Carbon/Oxygen - Humans impact this cycle the most, a long term sink is fossil fuels) involves (Photosynthesis, and Respiration)
Nitrogen - Must have bacteria to do Nitrogen fixation and denitrification, Animals/Plants cant directly use Nitrogen in the atmosphere
Phosphorus - Only one not found in the Atmosphere, Has a long cycle (trapped in rocks and sediment) and short cycle (moving in soil, plants, animals, and water).
List all 9 Biomes and a defining characteristic about each biome
Tundra - Cold year-round with very short cooler summers, very little precipitation, no trees due to permafrost, lots of migratory or large animals
Boreal Forest (Taiga/Coniferous Forest) - Limited precipitation, conifer trees, short warm summers, long cold winters, overall very cool throughout the year.
Temperate Forest (Deciduous Forest) - Most of North America, has 4 separate seasons, wide ranges in temperature and precipitation throughout the year, a moderate amount of precipitation
Temperate Shrubland/woodland - Overall mild and warm climate, limited precipitation, more open areas with small trees or shrubs
Temperate Grassland - Limited precipitation, a wide range in temperatures throughout the year cold winters, hot summers, no trees due to fires, dominated by grasses
Savanna - A special grassland found in Africa mainly, it does have trees because it gets seasonal rain, warm all year round.
Desert - Extremes in temperatures hot or cold, very little precipitation, animals and plants must be adapted for heat and little water, dominated by abiotic factors.
Tropical Seasonal Forest - Lots of rain but only seasonally, warm all year round
Tropical Rain Forest - Lots of biodiversity, lots of rain and hot all year round.
What are the three ways to describe the dispersion or distribution of a population, and draw a representational picture? (Team with the most correct will win the points)
Uniform
Clumped
Random