Vocabulary
The electrons in the outer-most shell of an atom.
Valence Electrons
All matter is made up of _______ .
Atoms
An atom is made up of three subatomic particles. What are they?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What atomic property creates the order of the P.T.?
Atoms form bonds to achieve a full outer electron shell. What rule tells us about this?
The Octet Rule
Columns in the P.T. are called groups or families. What are the rows of the Periodic Table called?
Periods
What is an example of a pure substance?
Any single element, any single molecule, or any single compound
What are the relative charges of each subatomic particle?
P = +1, N = 0, E = -1
Group 18 (main group 8) elements of the P.T. are referred to as?
Noble Gases
A bond between two nonmetals is called a __________ bond.
Covalent
If an atom gains or loses an electron, it forms a(n) ________ .
Ion
Matter always has a mass and volume. What units can be used to measure mass? Volume?
Grams and milliliters
Some elements only exist in nature as diatomic molecules. Name 3 of them.
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
Metals are generally on the left/right side of the periodic table, whereas nonmetals are generally on the left/right.
Left, Right
When the electronegativity difference between atoms is greater than 0.4, the bond is considered polar/nonpolar, since the electron pair is shared unequally.
Polar
Table salt consists of sodium and chlorine. What kind of bond is formed between these two elements?
Ionic Bond
What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, while a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition.
The mass number of an element is calculated by _________ .
Adding the number of protons and neutrons.
Group 17 (main group 7) elements of the P.T. are referred to as?
Halogens
What is the name of the compound that forms between K and F?
Potassium Fluoride
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) __________ .
Isotope
Classify the following as a pure substance or mixture: copper, table salt, saltwater, salad dressing
copper (pure), table salt (pure), saltwater (mixture), salad dressing (mixture)
Atom X has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 2 electrons. What is the identity, charge, and mass number of the atom?
Lithium-7 cation with a +1 charge
What is the difference between the average atomic mass on the P.T. and the mass number of an atom?
The average atomic mass takes into account the relative abundance of different isotopes, whereas the mass number is a whole number specific to a single atom/isotope.
If a compound is formed between Calcium and Chlorine, what is the resulting chemical formula?
CaCl2