Feudalism
What is a serf?
A Peasant who was legally bound to the land.
Officials of the Church are known as?
Clergy
What title would the Pope bestow upon Charlemagne on Christmas Day 800 C.E.
Holy Roman Emperor
Why did trade with the East increase after the crusades?
Crusaders came home and realized they wanted all of the luxury goods they had come accustomed to.
A government that is ruled by a small group of people is known as?
Oligarchy
What was an agricultural estate that a lord ran and serfs would work the land while living in a village close to the lords home called?
Manor
The religious leader in Eastern Orthodox that oversaw church operations and was an advisor to the emperor is:
The Patriarch
At what battle would the Frankish leader Charles "the Hammer" Martel defend Christianity from Islamic forces, potentially shaping the world as we know it?
What was the only successful crusade for the Christian side?
1st Crusade
What is a Republic?
A government where people elect representatives to vote on issues for them
Knights
When a person is formally removed from the church they are:
Excommunicated
What document limited the power of English Kings? What year?
Magna Carta, 1215
Who were the leaders of Christian and Islamic forces in the 3rd crusade?
Richard the Lionheart and Saladin
A government where all eligible citizens can vote is known as?
Democracy
Who had the most power in Feudalistic society?
Nobles
Services provided by the church that were a Christians path to heaven are known as?
Sacraments
Charlemagne led a revival of learning and education in Europe that had been lost since Rome. This was known as?
Carolingian Renaissance
This crusade resulted in a truce that allowed Christians to still make pilgrimages to Jerusalem
3rd Crusade
Trade
A government with one ruler who passes rule down through the family and was the primary government of the Middle Ages is known as?
Monarchy
Who was the head of the church
Why was the Holy Roman Empire poorly named? (Name all three reasons)
Was not Holy-- the pope did not control it
Was not Roman -- Romans were conquered long ago
Was not an Empire -- Kings never had control over feudal lords
Why did most crusaders go on crusade?
They were guaranteed a free pass to heaven.
What are the 6 Characteristics of Civilizations?
Cities
Complex Institutions
Artistic Expression
Specialized Workers
Advanced Technology
Writing