States of Matter
Which one is the fastest? Slowest?
Gas- Fastest Solid- Slowest
How do we determine the number of protons and electrons of an element?
Atomic Number
How do we find the number of neutrons in an atom (element)?
Mass minus Protons (AKA atomic number) = Neutrons
What is an example of Condensed Electron Configuration?
[Ar]4s23d4
What are prime examples of the shapes: tetrahedral?
Tetrahedral: CH4 → methane
What two things are a pure substance?
Element and Compound
Which two particle provide mass for the atom? Where are they found?
Protons and Neutrons
Nucleus
What makes an isotope, an isotope?
The mass # written on the side
Electronegativity Ranges
Polar→ 0.4-1.7
NonPolar→ 0-0.4
3. Ionic→ 1.7 < #
What are prime examples of the shapes: linear?
Linear: CO2 → carbon dioxide
What are two types of mixtures?
Heterogenous and Homogenous
What is the charge for each subatomic particle?
Proton: +
Electron: -
Neutron: 0
What do the group numbers tell us?
Valence Electrons
How do we determine the element based on electron configuration? 2 Ways
Look at the last letter with exponent
Add all exponents together = atomic number
How do we determine the shape of a compound?
Look at the center atom and count all the bonds surrounding it
Define Intensive:
Define Extensive:
1. depends on the amount
2. doesn't change or affect the amount
How do we find the mass of an element? What two particles are used?
Protons plus Neutrons = Mass
Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius
- define
Increases going down and across to the Left
What are the letter blocks and sections for the periodic table?
s,p,d,f
What are lone pairs?
Electrons that did not bond
5 Signs of Chemical Change:
Color
Temperature
Light
Gas Formed
Precipitate
Which two particles have the same count/amount?
Protons and Electrons
Periodic Trends: Electronegativity
Increases going up and across to the Right. **exclude Noble Gases**
What groups are represented by each letter?
s- 1 and 2
d- 3-12
p- 13-18
f- detached
What are prime examples of the shapes: bent
Bent: H2O → water