Intro to Biology
The first step of the scientific method.
Make an observation
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules
These are the two main categories of cells.
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
In a chemical reaction, these are what starts the reaction and what are changed at the end of the reaction.
Reactants
A type of passive transport that involves the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
One if the purposes of chloroplasts, organelles found in plant cells.
To perform photosynthesis.
The reactants of cellular respiration.
Glucose and oxygen
The sum of all of the chemical reactions in a living thing.
Metabolism
In the early 1600's this scientist used microscopes to study nature. He was the first to use microscopes for this purpose.
Leewenhoek
The second step of the scientific method.
These make up polymers, which are the building blocks of macromolecules
Monomers
Eukaryotes
These, also known as reactants, fit into an enzyme where a chemical reaction takes place.
Substrates
A difference in the concentration of a substance.
Concentration Gradient
The reactants of photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water
Products of cellular respiration.
Carbon dioxide and ATP and water
Regulation of the internal environment in response to the external environment.
In around 1665, this scientist coined the term "cells" to refer to what he observed when he examined thin slices of plant tissue under the microscope.
Robert Hooke
When we test our hypothesis, we may conclude that our test does not support it. This step of the scientific method is called...
A great source of short term energy, this macromolecule is made of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates
This category of cells, which includes bacteria, lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.
Prokaryotes
At the end of the chemical reaction, the enzyme sends these out.
Products
A condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout the space.
Equilibrium
The products of photosynthesis.
Glucose and Oxygen
Glycolysis, an anaerobic process, takes place in this part of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The two types of this are asexual and sexual.
Reproduction
This botanist concluded, after studying thousands of plants, that all plants are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
In an experiment, this variable is what the researcher is testing. It changes based on what the scientist does to the other variables of the experiment.
Dependent Variable
Amino acids combine to make this macromolecule.
Proteins
This organelle has a unique structure that allows it to control what enters and exits the cell.
Cell membrane
Speeding up a chemical reaction is what the enzyme does, which is why it's called a....
The non-polar lipid bilayer repels ions and most polar molecules.
Selective Permeability
This part of the leaf is what carries out the most photosynthesis because it contain the most chloroplasts.
Palisade Mesophyll
Once glycolysis breaks down glucose, it creates 2 of these molecules.
Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate)
A change of a species over time, that can involve natural selection.
Evolution
This zoologist, after studying thousands of animals, concluded that all animals had to be made of cells.
In an experiment, this is the variable that gets changed by the scientist and is what effects the outcome of the research.
Independent variable
This macromolecule is a great source of long term energy.
Lipids
This organelle is where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
Chloroplasts
Enzymes are made up of amino acids, which makes them this type of macromolecule.
Proteins
Movement that goes from a an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Active Transport
Carotenoids
Mitochondria
Living things know what is going on around them and will react to the stimulus.
Response
This physician studied cell reproduction and concluded that where a cell exists, there must have been a pre-existing cell.
Rudolf Virchow
Variability is the concept that many different factors can effect our experiments and give us a result we might not expect. In order to manage this variability, we might...(2 things)
Repeat the experiment many times.
Use a large sample size.
These macromolecules store and pass on genetic information.
Nucleic Acids
These two organelles are the main areas that cellular respiration take place in an animal cell.
Cytoplasm and Mitochondria
When a substrate enters an enzyme, though they are shaped almost perfectly for each other, the enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate better. This process is known as the...
Induced Fit Model
Made in processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration, this is what active transport uses for the energy it needs to move things against the concentration gradient.
ATP
These reactions, that take place in the stroma, do not need light in order to take place.
Light independent reaction (Also known as Dark reactions or Calvin Cycle)
Fermentation, respiration that takes place without oxygen, can create different products based on what kind of cells it takes place in. In plant cells, it produces alcohol, while in animal cells it creates this substance.
Lactic acid
Organisms get bigger overtime and eventually create new organisms.
Growth
All living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function and must be produced by other cells. This is known as the......
Cell theory