Semester 1 Review

Atomic Theory / The Atom

100

What subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom?

the proton

200

Which subatomic particles add up to equal the mass number?

protons + neutrons

300

Who discovered the nucleus & what was the experiment?

Ernest Rutherford, Gold Foil Experiment

400

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Mg²⁺

protons: 12

electrons: 10

neutrons: 24-12 = 12

500

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in carbon-13.

protons - 6

electrons - 6

neutrons - 13-6 = 7

The Periodic Table

100

What are rows and columns called?

Periods (rows) & Groups (columns)

200

How many valence electrons do halogens have?

7 valence electrons

300

Rank the following in increasing atomic size (smallest to largest): Kr, Ca, K, Br

Kr < Br < Ca < K

(atomic size decreases across a period, increases down a group)

400

Determine the molar mass of Fe₂(SO₄)_3. 

(You must include the correct units!)

399.91 g/mol

500

Write the electron configuration for Br.

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

Types of Bonds

100

Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.

Ionic bonds form when an electron is TRANSFERRED from a metal to a nonmetal. Covalent bonds form when two nonmetals SHARE electrons. 

200

Which of these compounds is classified as IONIC?

CO₂, SF₂ , ZnCl₂ , SeBr₂

ZnCl₂

(metal & nonmetal)

300

What is the correct name for N₂O₃?

dinitrogen trioxide

400

When strontium participates in bonding, it will [lose/gain] 2 electrons and will have a [positive/negative] charge called a [cation/anion].

lose, positive, cation

500

What is the correct formula for iron(III) phosphate?

FePO₄

Chemical Reactions

100

Why do we balance chemical reactions?

to obey the law of conservation of mass (mass of reactants must equal the mass of the products)

200

What type of chemical reaction is this?

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

single replacement reaction

300

What is the name of a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution that produces an insoluble solid substance? 

AgNO₃(aq) + KCl(aq) —>AgCl(s) + KNO₃(aq)

Precipitation reaction (a specific type of double replacement reaction)

400

Balance this chemical reaction:

__ H₃PO₄ + __ Mg(OH)₂ --> __ Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + __ H₂O

2H₃PO₄ + 3Mg(OH)₂ --> Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O

500

Rewrite the following word equation as a BALANCED chemical equation.

potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed

2KOH + BaCl₂ --> 2KCl + Ba(OH)₂

Acids & Bases

100

Which of these substances is an Arrhenius acid? 

HBr or KOH

HBr -> releases  H⁺ ions in solution

200

A solution has a pH of 4. Is it an acidic or basic solution?

acidic

300

What is the pH of a solution if that concentration of the hydrogen ions is 1.7x10^-5 M

4.77

400

A solution has a pH of 5. Determine the [OH^-].

pOH = 14-5 = 9

[OH-] = 1 x 10^-9 M

500

When a strong acid and a strong base reaction, what is produced? What is the name of this reaction? 

Strong Acid + Strong Base --> Salt + Water

Neutralization Reaction