Scientific Thinking and Process
What is qualitative data?
Observed using the 5 senses and expressed in descriptive words.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
To package, sort, and deliver proteins. Like the post office.
Why are viruses considered nonliving?
They cannot survive apart from a host organism.
What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
What is a chromosome?
Tightly condensed strands of DNA
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed answer to a scientific question that is both specific and testable.
What is diffusion?
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that has no membrane-bound organelles. It has a cell membrane, and DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.
What is the building block of protein?
Amino acid
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
Crossing over occurs during prophase I. Sections of the maternal and paternal chromosomes swap.
What is empirical evidence?
Evidence that is observed directly through research and investigation.
What are the stages of the cell life cycle? (in order)
Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (P,M,A,T), Cytokinesis
What is streptococcus?
Chains of bacteria that have a spherical shape.
Plural: streptococci
What is transcription?
DNA unzips, mRNA makes a copy of DNA and leaves the nucleus, attaches to the ribosome surface
What is the final product of meiosis?
Four unique haploid daughter cells
What is a scientific theory?
An evidence-based explanation for how something occurs that is upheld by a wide range of research
What is the job of the cell membrane?
1. Serve as a barrier.
2. Control what enters and exits the cell through selective permeability.
What is conjugation?
Transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another. Sexual reproduction.
What is translation?
After transcription, tRNA translates the mRNA by attaching anticodons that code for a specific amino acid. The ribosome links the amino acids together to form a protein.
What separates during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes
What is the basis of scientific thinking?
Curiosity, Skepticism, and Logical Thinking
What is the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane? (Include hydrophobic and hydrophilic)
The phospholipid heads are hydrophilic (water loving) and the tails are hydrophobic (water fearing). The arrangement is like a sandwich, where the heads face outwards toward the watery substances (cytoplasm and the outside environment), and the tails face inwards towards each other. Everyone is happy.
What is the difference between a pathogen and a microbe?
Microbes include all viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa. Pathogens are any microbes that cause disease (Think: harmful microbes)
What are purines and pyrimidines? (Include examples)
Pyrimidines are single-ring nitrogenous bases (thymine and cytosine). Purines are double-ring nitrogenous bases (adenine and guanine)
What is the purpose of Meiosis II?
After Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, Meiosis II separates chromatids.