Evolution
This is the primary mechanism of evolution, proposed by Darwin, where organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates.
What is natural selection?
These are the non-living components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, temperature, water, and soil.
what are abiotic factors
This type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide base in DNA.
what is a point mutation
This molecule is responsible for carrying genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A genetic condition where a person has two identical alleles for a particular gene, either both dominant or both recessive, is known as this.
what is homozygous
A heritable trait that enhances an organism's survival and reproduction in its specific environment.
adaptation
These organisms form the base of most food webs by converting light energy or chemical energy into organic compounds.
what are producers
This type of mutation causes an amino acid to be replaced by another, but does not affect the overall function of the protein.
what is a silent mutation
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype of the offspring, such as in the case of AB blood type or speckled chickens
what is codominance
This term describes the role or function of an organism in its ecosystem, including how it gets its energy and interacts with other organisms.
what is a niche
The elaborate plumage of male peacocks is thought to have evolved due to this process.
sexual selection
This is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
ecological succession
A mutation that results in the loss of one or more bases.
what is a deletion frameshift
If a homozygous dominant brown-eyed woman marries a heterozygous brown-eyed man, what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes, assuming that blue eyes are recessive?
What is 0%
This type of mutation results in the addition or removal of one or more nucleotides, which shifts the reading frame of the gene.
what is a frameshift
These are anatomical features in an organism that no longer serve their original function but are remnants of structures that were functional in an ancestor.
What is vestigial structure?
This is the maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support given the available resources.
carrying capacity
This mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is repeated in the genome.
what is duplication
In a cross between two heterozygous pea plants, where "P" is the dominant allele for purple flowers and "p" is the recessive allele for white flowers, what is the probability that the offspring will have white flowers?
What is 25%
In a population of beetles, there is a range of body sizes, but over time, larger beetles are better able to survive and reproduce due to a change in environmental conditions. This results in an increase in the average body size of the population. This is an example of what type of natural selection?
what is directional selection
The introduction of new alleles into a population through immigration is an example of this evolutionary force.
what is gene flow
How does carbon get from the biosphere to the atmosphere?
respiration
These are agents, such as radiation or certain chemicals, that can increase the rate of genetic mutations.
what are mutagens
This process involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.
what is crossing over
These are different forms of a gene that can exist at the same location on a chromosome.
what are alleles