Cell Cycle
This stage of the cell cycle is when the cell grows, carries out normal functions, and prepares to divide.
What is interphase?
The process of copying DNA before cell division.
What is DNA replication?
Meiosis produces these cells used for sexual reproduction.
What are gametes?
This scientist proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin?
The formation of new species is called this.
What is speciation?
During this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Adenine pairs with this nitrogenous base in DNA.
What is thymine?
Cells with one set of chromosomes are described as this.
What is a haploid?
Individuals with traits that increase survival and reproduction are said to have higher ______.
What is fitness?
When a mountain range separates a population and leads to new species forming, this type of isolation has occurred.
What is geographic isolation?
During this stage of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
According to the central dogma, genetic information flows in this order.
What is DNA -> RNA -> Protein?
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information in this process.
What is crossing over?
Structures that have similar functions but evolved independently are called these.
What are analogous structures?
When many new species evolve rapidly from a common ancestor to fill differerent ecological niches, it is called this.
What is adaptive radiation?
This process is programmed cell death that helps maintain healthy tissues.
What is apoptosis?
This process occurs in the nucleus and produces mRNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
A human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. After meiosis, each gamete contains this many chromosomes.
What is 23?
A sudden reduction in population size that changes allele frequencies is known as this.
What is the bottleneck effect?
The evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar pressures is known as this.
What is convergent evolution?
Cancer cells differ from normal cells because they fail to respond properly to these signals that regulate cell division.
What are cell cycle checkpoints (g1, s, g2)?
A mutation changes the sequence from CAT to CTT. This is an example of this type of mutation.
What is a point mutation?
This event during meiosis contributes to genetic variation by randomly distributing homologous chromosomes into gametes.
What is independent assortment?
In a population, birds with average-sized beaks survive better than birds with very small or very large beaks. This is an example of this type of selection.
What is stabilizing selection?
A small group leaves a population, starts a new colony, and develops different allele frequencies than the original population. This evolutionary mechanism is called this.
What is the founder effect?