Unit 7: Biomolecules & Enzymes
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What is a carbohydrate?
first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA
What is interphase?
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
What is translation?
unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
What is a stem cell?
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
What is a genotype?
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
What is a polymer?
stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles
What is G2 phase?
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
What is transcription?
any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells
What is a somatic cell?
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
What is incomplete dominance?
chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
What are fatty acids?
third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell's cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell
What is cytokinesis?
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
What is a codon?
the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function by activating and deactivating genes
What is cell differentiation?
organism heterozygous for a specific trait
What is a hybrid?
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What is a nucleotide?
structures that contain identical DNA copies, formed during DNA replication
What are sister chromatids?
three-nucleotide base sequence (triplet) on tRNA that codes for an amino acid
What is an anticodon?
error during cell division in which chromosomes do not correctly separate
What is nondisjunction?
A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
What is codominance?
the sugar in DNA that is covalently bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
What is deoxyribose sugar?
protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division.
What are spindle fibers?
A molecule found in each DNA and RNA nucleotide that encodes genetic information in cells.
What is a nitrogenous base?
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
What is a karyotype?
one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location
What is a homologous chromosome?