Text Structure
Name all the text structures.
Description
Chronological Order
Sequence
Cause & Effect
Problem and Solution
Compare & Contrast.
"If you do not date me, I might develop a stutter. P-P-Please don't do that to me," begged Ben.
Ethos Pathos Logos
Pathos
True or False.
In an essay, you have to reread the first and last paragraph as well as the topic sentences of the body paragraphs to determine the central idea.
True.
Name three types of reasoning.
Abductive
Inductive
Deductive
What are the three reasons author's write?
Persuade
Inform
Entertain
Fireworks are used all over the world for a variety of different reasons. They are launched in India to celebrate Diwali, the festival of lights. They are set off on November 5th in Great Britain to commemorate Guy Fawkes Night. In the United States of America, fireworks are launched on the 4th of July to celebrate America’s independence. Fireworks are even set off in North Korea. This usually happens on April 8th to celebrate Buddha's birthday. No matter where you are in the world, there’s a good reason to set off fireworks.
This explains the reasons for firework displays in different countries.
Cause & Effect
"If you do not do your homework, you will get a bad grade," Craig nonchalantly stated.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos?
Logos
It's hard to imagine what things were like before there was money, but such a time did exist. During these times people exchanged goods using the barter system. The word barter means to trade. People using the barter system traded things instead of buying and selling them. So if you were a rice farmer, you would trade your rice with many people to get all the things that you wanted or needed. Unfortunately, the people from whom you needed things might not want your rice. Isn't it nice to just go to the store and buy candy instead of having to trade rice for it?
The barter system was used before money existed, but it had its shortcomings.
Claim is someone's position on an issue or problem. Counterclaim is the other side/ position on an issue.
For example,
If your claim is "every kid should have homework." The counterclaim would say the opposite. "Every kid should not have homework.
Which of the following are synonyms for persuade?
A. Describe
B. Convince
C. Detail
Convince
. Fireworks have been around for at least as long as gunpowder. Both gunpowder and fireworks are Chinese inventions. During the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, fireworks were commonly sold in Chinese markets as a way to get rid of evil spirits. During the thirteenth century, Chinese merchants developed rocket propulsion. This allowed fireworks to travel great distances, much like they do today. In the 17th century, Chinese fireworks were popularized in Europe. After becoming popular with the British, fireworks spread all over their vast empire. Nowadays people around the world celebrate with fireworks. Whether at a sporting event, concert, or public gathering, fireworks signal a great celebration.
This text is ordered chronologically.
"As a respected and experienced physician, I recommend the surgery for your knee," said Dr. Joseph.
Ethos
3. One problem that the U.S. faced when rebelling against the British was currency. While under British control, colonists mainly used British paper money and foreign coins. But after forming a new nation, the Americans needed their own currency. They created Continental currency. Congress issued over 240 million Continental Dollars during the Revolution. Unfortunately, these dollars soon dropped in value. This gave rise to the popular expression, "not worth a Continental." By the end of 1778, Continentals were worth 1/5th of their face value. By 1780, they were worth 1/40th. In the 1790s, the U.S. bought back Continentals for 1% of their printed value. One reason for this decline was economic warfare. During the war the British hired artists to counterfeit Continental Dollars. Then they funneled large amounts of these counterfeit notes into the American economy. The value of the Continental Dollar crashed. When people complain about today's inflation rates, I tell them about Continentals.
The continental dollar was the first US currency and it failed for a few reasons.
Read Bethany Ann's perspective on forensic science. What is her claim?
Forensic science includes fingerprint analysis, blood stain analysis, DNA testing and much more. Some say that forensics is not as reliable as a witness’ testimony. This is simply not true. Forensic science is more reliable because it is all based on facts. Witnesses are susceptible to prejudicial biases. A witness may state that he/she saw a particular person because that person is of a certain group. Witnesses are also known to pick a person they may have scene in one context and falsely place them at the scene of the crime. If we only rely on witness testimony, our judicial system will be eradicated. Furthermore, there have been over 400 people freed or exonerated because the forensics have cleared them despite witnesses placing them at the scene. (Source: The Innocence Project).
Forensics are better than eye-witness testimonies.
Youth Voices by Thalia
Basketball was created in 1891. One year later, a teacher named Sendra Berenson, organized the first women’s basketball team. She changed the rules to have three zones and six players on each team so that she could teach cooperation between the teammates. In 1893, the first game of women’s basketball was played at Smith College. However, no men were allowed at the game. After that, many colleges all over the country started adding women’s basketball teams to their schools. In 1896, the first intercollegiate women’s basketball game was played. Again, men were excluded, and women guarded the doors to make sure no man would go in. Between the years 1899 and 1914, many people spoke out against women’s basketball, and they weren’t allowed to take part in the Olympics.
What is the author’s main purpose?
A to explain why men were not included in the game B to discuss the inequality in basketball
C to share the beginning of women’s basketball
D to provide information about women’s sports
C
We have celebrated Independence Day with a fireworks show on the first Saturday of July ever since our town was incorporated in 1963. This celebration has brought together the old and the young alike in a mutual display of patriotism and national pride. We regret to inform you that due to problems with the budget, there will be no fireworks show this year… unless we can raise the $20,000 to pay for the show. You can help by donating your old knickknacks. We are having a charity garage sale this Saturday and all proceeds will go toward the fireworks show. If you do not have any knickknacks, we will also accept money, printer cartridges, and old cell phones. Together, we can keep these hard times from becoming bad times.
Problem & Solution.
Microsoft is more accessible than Mac products.
Logos
Counterfeiting is the act of making phony money that looks official. It is a very old crime but recent advances in printing have made it possible for even amateurs to produce decent counterfeits. Fortunately, there are some ways that you can detect counterfeits. The first and most telling inspection is to pay attention to how the money feels. It is difficult to reproduce the texture of real money. If the money feels suspect, look carefully at the microprinting on the bill. Many features along the portrait and border of a genuine bill contain writing that is too small to reproduce in most printers. If you are still suspicious, hold the bill up to the light and look for the strip that says the value of the bill. With a little diligence, you can keep yourself from becoming a victim of this rising trend.
There are a few ways to detect counterfeit bills.
Read Clarissa's perspective on virtual meeting platforms. What evidence does she use to strengthen her argument?
There are others who believe that technology does not isolate people. They are in fact, mistaken. Technology is way too isolating. Skeptical? Think about this, in 2020 the world shut down. Everyone turned to Zoom and Microsoft Teams in order to work at their jobs or attend school and classes. Two years later, the government asked for everyone to go back to brick and mortar. Most of the population railed against that. 80% of workers requested remote positions according to a Georgia poll. They had become comfortable working in their pajamas, avoiding traffic, and working with their laptop. They did not have to utilize their interpersonal skills because technology was there. If we do not stop using technology, we will all end up with no social skills, no manners, and selective mutism.
*selective mutism: unable to talk to certain people.
80% of workers requested remote positions according to a Georgia poll.
Youth Voices by Katie
Many articles, experiments, and statistics were examined to determine whether maximalist or minimalist running shoes are better for preventing injury and maximizing your training. Some indicate that purely running in one type of running shoe increases your risk of injury and does not maximize your training. Solely running in a minimalist shoe increases your instantaneous loading rate, which can increase your risk of stress-related injuries. On the other hand, purely running in a maximalist shoe increases your external vertical impact peak, which also can cause stress-related injuries. Studies show that the best way to maximize your training and prevent injury is to parallel your shoes to your type of workout. Minimalist shoes are best for speed workouts and races, while maximalist shoes should be used for recovery and distance. My research reveals that the parallel use of more than one pair of running shoes is a protective factor to runners
The author’s main purpose for writing this article is to -
A warn readers about the dangers of running shoes B compare the benefits of different running shoes
C share the findings of a new study
D suggest all runners get two pairs of shoes
B
Under no circumstances will firecrackers be allowed in school. They are not educational and they are dangerous. Any student caught with firecrackers will receive a ten-day suspension. If you see any student possessing firecrackers, report them to the principal immediately or you will receive a suspension as well. Exercise good judgment or face the consequences. You have been warned. Now let’s have a great school year.
Cause & Effect
It warns you of consequences of playing with fireworks at school.
"When I wear, Nike I feel empowered!," stated Serena Williams.
Currencies have changed and developed over the course of history, but one of the newest forms of payment doesn't even exist in the physical world. Bitcoin is an entirely digital currency. Users of Bitcoin send payments to one another over computer networks. These payments are nonrefundable. In other words, once the money is sent, you can't get it back. The value of a Bitcoin has risen rapidly since its introduction in 2009, when each Bitcoin was worth around 30 cents. At the time of this writing, it would cost you around 7400 U.S. Dollars to get one Bitcoin. That's quite a jump. On the downside, if the value of Bitcoin ever crashes, you won't be able to heat your home by burning it.
Bitcoin is a new digital currency that is different from its predecessors.
Read Jordan Elise's perspective on college athletes and their compensation. What reasons does she provide in supporting her claim?
There has long been a debate on whether college athletes should receive pay outside of their scholarship. It is true. Because they are televised and keep the same practice schedule as their professional counterparts IN ADDITION to attending school and doing homework, they should be compensated. For example, the average college athlete works out for three hours a day (collegeathletix.com). That adds up to 15 hours a week on a weekday not included Saturday night games and travel times. This is on par with professional athletes. The viewership for professional football players and college football players are both 7.5 million per game. Plus, everybody wants them to get paid.
Same practice schedule, same tv appearances, school and homework.
Youth Voices by Katie
Many articles, experiments, and statistics were examined to determine whether maximalist or minimalist running shoes are better for preventing injury and maximizing your training. Some indicate that purely running in one type of running shoe increases your risk of injury and does not maximize your training. Solely running in a minimalist shoe increases your instantaneous loading rate, which can increase your risk of stress-related injuries. On the other hand, purely running in a maximalist shoe increases your external vertical impact peak, which also can cause stress-related injuries. Studies show that the best way to maximize your training and prevent injury is to parallel your shoes to your type of workout. Minimalist shoes are best for speed workouts and races, while maximalist shoes should be used for recovery and distance. My research reveals that the parallel use of more than one pair of running shoes is a protective factor to runners.
Which sentence is the author’s Thesis?
A On the other hand, purely running in a maximalist shoe increases your external vertical impact peak, which also can cause stress-related injuries.
B Minimalist shoes are best for speed workouts and races, while maximalist shoes should be used for recovery and distance runs.
C My research reveals that the parallel use of more than one pair of running shoes is a protective factor to runners.
C