States of Matter, Density, and Convection
Layers of the Earth & Tectonic Plates
Atomic Structure
Chemical Reactions
Zombie Fires
100
What is the definition of density?
The amount of matter per volume.
D = mass/volume
100
What level of the Earth is the thinnest and least dense?
The crust.
100
What is the charge of a proton? What is the charge of an electron?
Proton - positive + charge
Electron - negative - charge
100
What are two examples of a physical change and two examples of a chemical change?
Physical change - phase change, cutting something
Chemical change - burning something, digesting food
100
How does peat form?
Dead plants fall into water and form layers over time.
200
Which state of matter has a definitive shape and volume?
A solid.
200
Which layer of the Earth is liquid?
The mantle.
200
If an element has 6 protons, how many electrons does it have?
6
200
What are the reactants and products of this chemical reaction?
2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2
Reactants: 2H2O2
Products: 2H2O+ O2
200
What factors affect the rate of decomposition?
Low oxygen slows decomposition, colder temperatures slows decomposition; higher oxygen levels and higher temperatures speed decomposition.
300
A rock has a mass of 200 grams and a volume of 100 cm3. What is its density?
2 g/cm3
300
What plate boundary type involves plates crashing together?
Convergent boundaries
300
How many protons does this element have? What's its atomic mass?
8 protons
atomic mass of 15.99 --> 16
300
What type of chemical reaction is it?
H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2
A decomposition reaction.
300
Why is there so much peat in the Arctic? (Formation and why its still there.)
The Earth's tilt in the past meant more sunlight reached the Arctic, meaning more photosynthesis. Once the tilt changed, permafrost formed, preventing it from decomposing.
400
What is a convection current?
When warm fluids rise, cool, and then sink back down.
400
Which plate boundary type involves plates pulling apart?
Divergent boundaries.
400
If an atom has an atomic mass of 52 and an atomic number of 24, how many neutrons does it have?
52-24 = 28 neutrons
400
How many atoms of each element are there on each side of the equation? Is it balanced?
2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2
Each side has:
4 Hydrogen
4 Oxygen
It is balanced.
400
What makes something a good carbon sink?
Being able to store a large quantity of carbon.
500
In the Earth, where does the energy come from to drive convection? Bonus 100 points if you add the process that generates that energy.
The core.
Bonus: Radioactive decay
500
How do convection currents cause the movement of tectonic plates?
Warm mantle rock rises and then as it cools it pushes tectonic plates as it sinks back down toward the core.
500
If an atom has 14 electrons, how many electrons go in each electron shell?
Shell level 1 = 2 electrons
Shell level 2 = 8 electrons
Shell level 3 = 4 electrons
500
Identify the types of chemical reactions below:
2Na (s) + 2Cl (s) --> 2NaCl (s)
C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) --> 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l) + heat
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) --> Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq)
2Na + 2Cl --> 2NaCl = synthesis reaction
C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat = combustion reaction
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) --> Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) = single displacement
500
What is one method humans can use to control fires?
1. Controlled burns of overgrowth.
2. Thinning out overgrown forests.