Energy/Work/Power
Energy due to an object’s motion is called...
Kinetic Energy
What is momentum?
Inertia in motion.
The product of the mass and velocity of an object.
A way to describe an object's motion.
What is heat?
Energy in transit
What is the fundamental rule of electric forces?
Like charges repel and opposite charges attract
Describe the difference between rotation and revolution.
Rotation - spinning around an internal axis
Revolution - spinning around an external axis
Mechanical energy is the sum of ____________ and all forms of ________________.
Kinetic energy, potential energy
What is impulse? How could you decrease the force of impulse for an object?
Impulse is the change in momentum. Increase the time interval.
What is the difference between the temperature and internal energy?
Temperature - Average kinetic energy
Internal temperature - average kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles
Why are metals good conductors? Be specific.
The electrons can move freely in the material
What does centripetal mean? What is required for centripetal acceleration to occur?
Center seeking
A constant inward directed force
______________ is how quickly work can be done and the units are _________________.
Power, Watts
What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? Provide an example of each!
Elastic - no loss in kinetic energy
Inelastic - loss in kinetic energy
Describe specific heat capacity with a definition and with the equation.
The energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of that substance by 1°C.
Cp = Q/mT
Which of the following is an example of charging by induction? (a) Touching a negative rubber mallet to a metal pole. (b) A negatively charged cloud coming close to the positively charged earth. (c) Hooking a battery up to a simple circuit. (D) Rubbing a balloon through your hair
B
What is the name of the outward directed "fictious force" that exists during circular motion? Why does it exist? Provide an example of this force.
Centrifugal force
Objects must overcome their momentum
Each of the following possesses energy. Which form of energy is NOT mechanical? (a) Glowing embers of a fire (b) A strong wind (c) A person sitting on a mattress (d) A swinging pendulum
a
During our impulse lab we used different length blow guns. Explain why the dart wasn’t able to go as far when the blow gun was shorter.
Shorter gun = shorter time interval = less impulse = less momentum change
A combustion engine is an example of what kind of thermal process?
Air on the top of a mountain often becomes much colder due to what reason?
Adiabatic thermal process
Thermal expansion of the gas
What are THREE differences between Newton's law of gravitation and Coulomb's law of electric force?
1. Constant difference
2. charge vs mass
3. Coulomb's law is attractive and repulsive
Describe torque with a definition and the equation. What does torque allow? What is an example?
Torque is a measure of the rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis.
T = Fdsin
Rotational motion
This principle states that the work done by all forces acting on a particle equals the change in its kinetic energy, and it's a fundamental theorem in the field of mechanics.
work-energy theorem
In a collision between a large truck and a small car, which experiences a greater force? Which experiences a greater change in acceleration?
They both experience the same force.
The smaller car experiences greater change in velocity because it has a smaller mass.
This principle describes the relationship between heat added to a system, the work done by the system, and the change in the internal energy of the system. What is this principle called and what equation is associated with it?
first law of thermodynamics
ΔU = Q - W
Describe each of Kepler's Laws of planetary motion.
Each planet travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun, and the sun is at one of the focal points.
T2 ∝ r3