Cardiovascular System
State which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart.
Arteries
State which muscle helps you inhale.
The diaphragm.
State the part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
The central nervous system.
State what the "F" stands for in the FITT principle.
Frequency.
State one component of physical fitness.
Options: Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, or body composition.
State the name of the upper chambers of the heart.
The Atria
State which gas is removed from the body during exhalation.
Carbon Dioxide.
State the gland known as the "mastery gland".
The pituitary gland.
State one type of training to use to improve cardiovascular endurance.
Continuous training, interval training, fartlek training, or circuit training.
State one effect of lactic acid accumulation in muscles.
Options: Causes fatigue, burning sensation, and can reduce muscle performance.
Describe one function of red blood cells during exercise. (1 mark).
One function of red blood cells during exercise is that they transport oxygen to working muscles.
Define Tidal Volume.
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one normal breath. (TV).
Explain one function of insulin. (2 marks).
Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose. It does this by stimulating cells - especially liver and muscle cells. Absorbs glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen.
Define overload.
Overload means exercising at a greater intensity than normal to improve fitness.
State which energy system is used during short, high intensity activities lasting up to 10 seconds.
The ATP-PC (phosphagen) system.
List 3 examples of cardiovascular adaptations caused by aerobic training.
1. Increased stroke volume.
2. Lowers resting heart rate.
3. Increased capillarization.
List 3 impacts of regular aerobic training on the respiratory system.
1. Increased lung efficiency.
2. Stronger respiratory muscles.
3. Improved oxygen uptake.
State some roles of adrenaline during exercise.
It increases heart rate, energy releases, and blood flows to muscles.
Explain one benefit of interval training.
Interval training improves aerobic and anaerobic fitness and allows recovery between intense efforts.
Describe an acute response of the body to exercise. (2 marks).
One acute response to exercise is an immediate increase in heart rate. This happens so that more oxygen and nutrients can be delivered to the working muscles and waste products like carbon dioxide can be removed quickly.
Explain why cardiac output increases during exercise. (2 marks).
Cardiac output increases during exercise because the body needs more oxygen and nutrients for the working muscles. The heart responds by increasing stroke volume, and heart rate - which pumps more blood around the body.
Explain why breathing rate increases during INTENSE exercise. (2 marks).
Breathing rate increases during intense exercise to deliver more oxygen to the working muscles and remove the extra carbon dioxide produced by increased respiration. Used to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Explain how reaction time can affect sports performance.
Faster reaction time allows athletes to react quickly to stimuli. This helps improve performance and decision making skills.
Explain the principle of specificity in training. (2 marks).
Training should match the sport or fitness goal you are trying to achieve. This is to improve the required muscles, energy system, and skills.
Explain the role of carbohydrates and fats during exercise and how their use changes with exercise intensity. (2 marks).
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy during moderate to high intensity exercises because they can be broken down quickly to produce ATP. Fats are mainly used during low intensity exercises or activities because they provide a slower, but longer lasting energy supply. As intensity increases, the body relies more on energy given by carbohydrates rather than what's given to them by fats.