Chapter 1
What is the Definition of Chemistry?
Study of Substances and the changed they undergo.
What is an Element?
Any single things found on the Periodic Table.
What does AMU stand for and what is it?
Atomic Mass Unit - Equals the mass of one proton or one neutron
What Are Valence Electrons?
Core Electrons?
Electrons in the outermost, highest energy shell
All the electrons not in the outermost shell
What is the Octet Rule?
When Bonding, atoms will gain, lost, or share electrons so each element gets eight valence electrons
Curve formed by a liquid in a container
Meniscus
Two or More Elements hooked together to form something new
Compound
Atomic number?
Tells how many protons are in an atom
What does ROYGBIV stand for?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Structural Formula
Molecular Formula
A Diagram showing how atoms are arranged and connected.
Chemical Symbols and Subscripts.
1. Physical Properties are?
2. Physical Changes are?
1. Color, Phase, Oder, Volume, Mass
2. Cutting, Breaking, Dissolving, Phase Change
Law of Conservation of Matter?
Matter cannot be created, nor destroyed, only changed in form.
Particles Under the Surface of an atom
Subatomic Particles
What is a flame test used for?
To find certain elements, usually Metal ions.
Lewis Dot Formula
A sketch of a Molecule showing Valence electrons as Dots.
1. Chemical Properties are?
2. Chemical Changes are?
1. Flammability, Reactivity
2. Cooking, Burning, Gas Forms, Solid forms, etc
Chemical Symbols?
One or two letters;
-First must be Capitol
-Second must be Lowercase
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes
Rule of Zero Charge?
When a metal and a nonmetal bond, the charge of the compound must be zero.
What is the HONC 1234 Rule?
Tells how many bonds the elements make
What is the Equation for Density?
Density = m/v -> g/mL = g/cm3
Cu? Ba? F? Ne? C? O?
Copper. Barium. Fluorine. Neon. Carbon. Oxygen.
What is the Proton Model?
The nucleus consists of protons that are Positively charged. The Electrons circle the nucleus. Most of the Atom is empty space.
What are Polyatomic ions?
An Ion composed of more than one atom.
What do these categories smell like? -Alkanes -Amines -Carboxylic Acids -Esters -Ketones -Alcohols
-Gasoline -Fishy -Putrid -Sweet -Minty -Medicinal