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What is a leading theory explaining the decline of the classic Maya civilization?
Prolonged drought combined with internal warfare
What was a primary motivation for early European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries?
To establish new trade routes to Asia and acquire wealth
Who is the historical figure most associated with initiating the Protestant Reformation by posting his 95 Theses?
John Locke
The ultimate spiritual goal in Buddhism, which is a state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, is known as:
Nirvana
The Industrial Revolution contributed to the development of capitalism by:
Encouraging private ownership of factories
Leonardo da Vinci was a master of the High Renaissance known for his genius in which of the following?
Painting, science, and engineering
Which factor was most significant in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire led by Hernán Cortés?
The support of rival tribes and the spread of new diseases
The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg had which major effect on European society?
It allowed for the rapid spread of ideas and information
The concepts of karma (the sum of a person's actions) and reincarnation (the cycle of rebirth) are central tenets of which major world religion?
Hinduism
Which of these was a major social change during the Industrial Revolution?
The growth of a new urban working class
The Renaissance was considered a "rebirth" of interest in the art and learning of which two ancient civilizations?
Greece and Rome
The collection of sacred texts that forms the foundation of Christian belief is called:
The Age of Exploration was primarily driven by nations on which continent seeking to expand their influence and trade networks?
Europe
What was the primary purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)?
To divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal
Vasco da Gama's voyage to India was significant because it:
Opened a direct sea route from Europe to Asia
Ferdinand Magellan is best known for
Leading the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe
What was a major economic impact of the transatlantic slave trade on European nations?
It provided labor for plantations, leading to immense wealth
How did European colonization most significantly change indigenous societies in the Americas?
It led to widespread disease and cultural disruption
Which of the following was a major cause of the French Revolution?
Widespread social inequality and economic hardship
A long-term outcome of the French Revolution was:
The rise of nationalism and spread of democratic ideals
The development of the first vaccine, which targeted smallpox, is credited to:
Edward Jenner
Who is credited with significantly improving the steam engine, making it a key power source for the Industrial Revolution?
James Watt