Byzantine Era
What are the three types of Byzantine art?
Mosaics, wall paintings, and icons
What are three ways that the Byzantines influenced the Russians? (we talked about five)
Icons, architecture, religion, alphabet, and autocratic rulers
There are five kingdoms of early England, name three.
Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia, Kent, and East Anglia
What three occupations did most Norse people hold, besides being fighters?
Farmers, traders, and craftsmen
What does the title "Fra," used before Fra Angelico's name, mean?
Brother
What are the three characteristics of byzantine art and what do they mean?
Abstract: distorting, simplifying, or exaggerating natural forms and shapes to communicate emotions and ideas through color, texture, and form rather than realistic representation.
Stylized: to represent or design according to a style or stylistic pattern rather than according to nature or tradition (decorative elements)
2D: visual art that exists in two dimensions, meaning it is limited to width and height, without the third dimension associated with physical depth.
Originated from Byzantine missionary efforts in the 9th century
What three groups sailed to Britain in the 400s AD to take land after the Romans had recently left?
Jutes, Angles, and Saxons
What major event in 793 AD, a raid on a rich monastery, is considered the start of the Viking Age?
What was the raid on Lindisfarne in England?
Fra Angelico’s work is characterized by the use of realistic space and natural shapes, which showed his adoption of ideas from what major historical period?
Renaissance
The Byzantine Empire reached its peak under which emperor?
Justinian
What famous Russian icon, described as eleousa (“compassionate”) because it shows Mary holding baby Jesus in a tender embrace, was originally made in Constantinople?
Virgin of Vladimir
Besides high-quality weapons and textiles, what famous piece of ornate iron was found at the center of the Sutton Hoo burial ship?
Ornate iron helmet
What powerful symbol of Norse mythology, Mjölnir, was widely worn in the form of miniature amulets during the Viking Age, especially to signal resistance to Christianization?
Thor's Hammer
Fra Angelico is most known for which painting?
The Annunciation
What architectural feature makes the dome of the Hagia Sophia appear to float, an effect enhanced by light reflecting off gold mosaics?
Windows at the base of the dome
What is the name of the first Russian alphabet?
The Cyrillic Alphabet
What two types of elements (belief systems) were mixed in the treasures found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial, mirroring King Rædwald’s complex faith?
Christian and pagan elements
What style of Viking art, named after a royal burial in Denmark, features fluid, S-shaped ribbon animals with beaded bodies, mitt-like feet, and spirals at the joints?
Jellinge style
What powerful family provided patronage to Fra Angelico, employing him extensively at the convent of San Marco in Florence starting in 1435?
Medici family
What architectural feature of the Hagia Sophia allowed a circular top (the dome) to rest successfully on a square base?
Pendentives
What artist transformed Russian Orthodox iconography with soft colors, gentle contours, and emotional depth, unlike the more intense Byzantine style?
Andrei Rublev
Who was the king that was supposed to have been buried at Sutton Hoo?
King Rædwald
What two Danish kings are honored on the famous Jelling rune stones, one of whom converted the Danes to Christianity?
Who are Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth?
What was Fra Angelico’s original name before he became a Dominican friar known as Fra Giovanni?
Guido di Pietro