Unit 1
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
What do chemical reactions do?
Make and break chemical bonds
How do you go from a polymer to a monomer and what does it do?
Hydrolysis / adds H2O
Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
What is crossing over?
Homologous chromosomes swap segments of DNA which creates new combinations of genes
What type of bond makes a monomer a polymer?
Covalent
What is a hydrogen bond?
Attraction between a hydrogen atoms carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom carrying a partial negative charge
What's the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
saturated = straight chain and solid at room temp
unsaturated = bend / kink in chain due to double bond / liquid at room temp
What is the energy needed to break the bonds of reactants?
Activation energy
What does DNA polymerase do?
Synthesizes new DNA strands
Does DNA or RNA contain thymine?
DNA
What does formation and function of molecules depend on?
Chemical Bonding between atoms
Is RNA single or double stranded? What are its bases?
Single stranded / C, G, A, U
What does the endomembrane system do?
Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
Does the leading or lagging strand follow Helicase?
Leading
Which structure minimizes free energy?
Tertiary Structure
Explain Vander Waals interactions (where they occur)
They occur between transiently positive and negative regions of molecules
What type of bonds are amino acids linked together by?
Peptide bonds
What happens to enzymes in very high temps? (give 2)
enzymes denatures / active site loses proper shape / substrate can’t bind / enzyme activity stops
What is the MAIN difference between Metaphase 1 and 2 (think about what exactly is aligning / moving)
Metaphase 1 uses homologous chromosomes while metaphase 2 is sister chromatids
What are these structures and what makes them different?
Unsaturated and saturated fats / the one with the kink is unsaturated
What are these two structures (Hint: one of them can’t break down)
Cellulose and starch (cellulose can’t break down)
What is this group called and where is it found?
Carboxyl group / amino acids
What are the individual pieces of these stacks called and what part of the cell are they located in?
Thylakoids / in chloroplasts
What step is this in either meiosis 1 or 2?
Anaphase 2