Exploration & The Columbian Exchange
What were the three primary motivations, often called the "three Gs," that drove European explorers to find new trade routes?
Gold, God, and Glory
What is the political belief that a monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God and that they are responsible only to Him?
Divine Right
Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that the purpose of government was to protect natural rights and that it could be overthrown if it failed to do so?
John Locke
In the colonial social hierarchy, which wealthy group led the revolutions because they were systematically excluded from high government offices?
Creoles
Which two crops native to the Americas became staples in European diets, allowing their populations to increase greatly?
Potatoes and corn
Which Russian czar traveled to Europe in disguise to study Western technology in order to modernize his nation?
Peter the Great
Which social group in France made up 97% of the population and paid nearly all the taxes before the revolution?
The Third Estate
What was the name of the era of rapid modernization and industrialization that transformed Japan into a global imperial power?
The Meiji Restoration
What specific 1492 victory over the Moors provided the Spanish monarchy with the funds necessary to finance Columbus’s voyage?
The expulsion of the Moors (or the Reconquista)
What was the name of the brutal forced voyage that brought captured and enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas?
The Middle Passage
Which 1789 event is celebrated as the symbol of the French people's rebellion against the king’s royal authority?
The Storming of the Bastille
What was the name of the unified South American state that Simón Bolívar won a victory at Boyacá to try and create?
Gran Colombia
Which animal, introduced by Europeans to the New World, revolutionized Native American life by making buffalo hunting far more effective?
The horse
Which luxurious palace did Louis XIV build to symbolize his absolute power and keep the French nobility under his control?
The Palace of Versailles
What two major factors were responsible for destroying Napoleon’s "Grand Army" during his failed 1812 invasion of Russia?
The brutal winter and Russian scorched-earth tactics
What was the primary goal of the 1900 Boxer Rebellion led by a secret society in China?
To remove all foreign influence (or foreigners) from the country
Which specific legislation was passed by the British Parliament to enforce mercantilism by restricting all colonial trade to English ships?
The Navigation Acts
Why were enslaved Africans considered a more "profitable" labor source for plantation owners than Native Americans?
They had significant farming experience and a stronger immunity to European diseases
Following Napoleon’s defeat, which principle was adopted at the Congress of Vienna to restore "rightful" monarchs to their thrones?
The Principle of Legitimacy
What term describes the specific regions in China where a foreign nation held exclusive rights to trade and exploit local resources?
Spheres of Influence