Hypertension
What is the goal blood pressure?
Less than 130/80
The hemoglobin A1C (hA1C) is the glucose average over how many months?
3 months
How would you describe a-fib on heart exam?
Irregularly irregular
A GFR less than _____ demonstrates CKD.
< 60
What kind of commonly used over-the-counter medications can worsen CKD?
NSAIDs (ibuprofen, Motrin, Advil, Alleve)
Name 3 important factors to taking an accurate blood pressure reading.
Right size BP cuff
Patient is seated with feet flat on the ground
Back is supported
Arm is at heart level
Patient has been relaxed for 5-10 mins
No talking during reading
How would you interpret an A1C of 5.8% in someone that does not take any glucose-lowering medication?
Atrial fibrillation directly increases the risk of what life-threatening complication?
Cerebrovascular occlusion (stroke)
What are two measurements used to stage kidney disease?
GFR and microalbumin
What 2 labs should you order for a patient with hypertension who hasn't had labs for > 6 months?
What is the target HA1C for someone who has diabetes?
For old patients, we become more flexible (< 8%)
What are the two most common medications that people who have a-fib may be prescribed?
Eliquis and beta blocker
Diabetes and hypertension
Name 2 complications that uncontrolled hypertension lead to?
Hypertensive retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure
A patient with DM2 returns to care after not being seen for 2 years, what 4 labs would you order?
HA1C, microalbumin, kidney function, and lipid profile
What does "paroxysmal" atrial fibrillation mean?
Intermittent (on and off)
What two classes of medications would you start in someone with CKD?
ACE or ARB
CHADVASC
Name 5 classes of antihypertensives
ACE, ARB, CCB, beta-blocker, and diuretic
Name 4 different medication used to treat diabetes (in different drug classes).
GLP-1 agonist (Wegovy, Ozempic, Mounjaro, Zepbound)
Biguanides (Metformin)
Sulfonylureas (Glipizide)
Empaglifoz
Insulin
Name one non-medication treatments of a-fib.
Ablation, cardio-version, pulsed field ablation (PSA), & LARIAT procedure
ACE (lisinopril) and ARB (losartan) medications can cause imbalance of which electrolyte?
Hyperkalemia (high potassium)
Name 2 indications for aspirin 81mg once daily?
History of CVA, TIA or MI
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)