Hearing
What is loudness ?
Connects middle ear to throat. Usually closed by valve. When pressure inside > pressure out, eardrum bulges out, which hurts and hurts hearing
What is Eustachian Tube ?
Helps focus (refract) entering light rays. Avascular, transparent.
What is cornea ?
Transparent, avascular epithelial cells. For variable refraction during accommodation.
What is lens ?
distance from the refractive surface to where light rays converge on retina
What is focal distance ?
Frequency determines
What is pitch ?
Contains cochlea and vestibular organs.
What is inner ear ?
White portion of eye. For protection and attachment of 3 pairs of extrinsic eye muscles. Opaque. Light can’t enter.
What is sclera ?
Colored part of eye, controls amount of light entering eye (pupil doesn't control)
What is iris ?
Bending of light rays
What is accommodation ?
Another word for eardrum
What is tympanic membrane ?
Contains Basilar membrane, Hair cells, tectorial membrane
What is organ of corti ?
Goes thru back of eye, becomes optic tract in brain, to occipital cortex
What is optic nerve ?
Opening in center of iris, light enters.
What is pupil ?
Cell receives direct synaptic input from a group of photoreceptors
and then synapses onto ganglion cells (and horizontal cells)
What is bipolar cells?
Another word for outer ear
Floppy membrane. Narrow at base, stiff. Wider at apex and floppier.
Rich in blood vessels and pigment, posterior 5/6ths globe. Absorbs and muffles light
What is choroid ?
Contains visual receptor cells – rods and cones – called photoreceptors.
What is retina ?
Axons become optic nerves to carry visual information to the brain.
What is ganglion cells
Muscle that contract when there is loud noise
What is (either tympani or stapedius ) ?
stiffer membrane that cilia stick into
What is tectorial membrane ?
Supports lens, produces aqueous humor. Has muscles that change shape of lens. Attached to sclera. Relax = flat lens
What is ciliary body ?
middle of retina = Region with sharpest acuity. Cones only
What is fovea ?
Important in lateral inhibition—give information about edges
What is horizontal cells ?