morphology
what is a morpheme?
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. It can be a word or part of a word.
What is syntax in linguistics?
Syntax is the branch of linguistics that studies the structure of sentences and
the rules that govern how words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences in a language.
What is sentence structure?
Sentence structure refers to the way words, phrases, and clauses are organized to convey meaning. It encompasses the arrangement of subjects, verbs, objects, and modifiers within a sentence.
What is a morpheme?
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. It can be a whole word (like "cat") or part of a word (like "-s" in "cats") that contributes to the overall meaning.
What is a word in linguistics?
A word is a fundamental unit of language that carries meaning and can stand alone or combine with other words to form sentences.
What is morphology in linguistics?
Morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies the structure, formation, and classification of words. It looks at how words are built from smaller units called morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language.
What is a syntactic tree?
A syntactic tree, or parse tree, is a visual representation of the structure of
a sentence. It shows how words are grouped into phrases and how these phrases are hierarchically organized according to syntactic rules.
What are the basic types of sentence structures?
The four main types are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex.
What is the difference between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme?
A free morpheme can stand alone as a word with meaning, like "book." A bound morpheme cannot stand alone and must attach to other morphemes, like "-ed" in "talked."
What is the difference between a content word and a function word?
Content words, like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, carry the main meaning of a sentence. Function words, like prepositions, conjunctions, and articles, provide grammatical structure and relate content words
What is the difference between free and bound morphemes?
Free morphemes can stand alone as independent words, such as "cat" or
"happy." By i morphemes cannot stand alone and must attach to other
What is a subject in syntax?
The subject of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that performs the action or is described by the predicate. It typically answers the question of "who" or
"what" in relation to the verb (e.g., "The dog" in "The dog barks").
What is an independent clause?
An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence (e.g., "She enjoys reading").
What are the two main types of bound morphemes?
The two main types are inflectional and derivational morphemes. Inflectional morphemes modify a word's tense, number, or case without changing its basic meaning (e.g., "-s" in "dogs").
What is a compound word?
A compound word is formed by combining two or more words to create a new word with a unique meaning, such as "toothbrush" (from "tooth" and "brush").
What is the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes?
Derivational morphemes change the meaning or part of speech of a word (e.g., "happy" to "happiness").
Inflectional morphemes modify a word's tense, number, aspect, mood, or case without changing its basic meaning or class (e.g., adding "-s" to "dog" to make
"dogs").
What is a complex sentence?
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "I went home because it was late").
What is a dependent (or subordinate) clause?
A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought.
What is an affix?
An affix is a bound morpheme that attaches to a root or base word to modify its meaning.
What is a borrowed word?
A borrowed word is a term taken from another language and used in a new language, sometimes with adaptation. For example, "piano" is borrowed from Italian into English.
How does morphology differ across languages?
Languages vary in their morphological structures. Some languages, like English, have relatively simple
morphology, while others, like Finnish or Turkish, are highly inflectional or agglutinative, meaning they rely heavily on adding morphemes to words to
express grammatical relationships.
What is syntactic ambiguity?
Syntactic ambiguity occurs when a sentence can have multiple interpretations due to its structure. For example, "She saw the man with the telescope" could mean she used a telescope to see the man, or she saw a man who had a telescope.
What is the difference between a subject and an object?
The subject is the noun or pronoun that performs the action in a sentence, while the object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action
What is the difference between a prefix and a suffix?
A prefix is an affix added to the beginning of a root word (e.g., "un-" in "unhappy"), while a suffix is added to the end of a root word (e.g., "-ness" in "happiness").
What is a synonym?
A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning as another word, such as "happy" and "joyful."