Imagery
Goal Setting
Attention and Concentration
Throw Backs
Mixed Bag
100
Name two equivalent terms for imagery. An example of one is covert practice.
visualization, mental rehearsal, symbolic rehearsal, and mental practice.
100
Why does goal setting work?
Goals work primarily because they keep us MINDFUL of specific behaviors, thoughts, or tasks – they keep us in the PRESENT moment.
100
Define concentration.
Concentration is the mental effort placed on sensory or mental events. It is the person’s ability to exert deliberate mental effort on what is most important in a given situation.
100
What is mindfulness?
Mindfulness is awareness that arises through paying attention, on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgementally.
100
Name three common problems that come up in goal setting.
Convincing people to set goals.
Failing to set specific goals.
Setting too many goals too soon.
Failing to adjust goals
Failing to recognize individual differences
Not providing goal follow-up and evaluation
Failing to create a supportive goal-setting atmosphere
200
Name five different uses of imagery.
Improve concentration.
Enhance motivation.
Build confidence.
Control emotional responses.
Acquire, practice, and correct sport skills.
Acquire and practice strategy.
Prepare for competition.
Cope with pain and adversity.
Solve problems.
200
What are the three different types of goals?
Outcome goals, process goals, and performance goals.
200
What is Selective Attention?
Zooming in on relevant information while ignoring potential distractions.
200
Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as?
Biofeedback
200
What is Situation Awareness?
The ability to understand what is going on around oneself in different situations.
300
Name any two of the five characteristics of the imagery process.
Modality: the senses used in imagery—auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and kinesthetic. Perspective: first person (internal) or third person (external). Angle: the viewing angle. Agency: the author or agent of the behavior being imagined—one’s self or another person. Deliberation: the degree to which imagery is deliberate or spontaneous (i.e., triggered)
300
What is the indirect thought-process view of goal setting?
This perspective goal setting works because goals influence behavior indirectly by affecting important psychological factors such as confidence and anxiety.
300
Name two of the five principles of effective concentration.
Athletes have to decide to concentrate—It will not happen by chance.
Athletes can focus on one thought at a time.
Athletes’ minds are “focused” when they are doing what they are thinking
Athletes need to refocus regularly to keep their minds on track
Athletes should focus outwards when they become anxious
300
What is the matching hypothesis of anxiety management?
The matching hypothesis states that the best way to handle anxiety is to match your intervention with the type of anxiety an athlete is having - cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, or both.
300
What is the "quiet eye"?
The time of a person's final fixation on the target before initiation of the movement.
400
What is the PSYCHONEURO-MUSCULAR THEORY of imagery?
This theory states that imagery is beneficial because it programs muscles for action. Imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills because imagined events innervate the muscles as the physical practice of the movement does; they strengthen neural pathways.
400
What does each letter of the SMARTS acronym stand for?
S: Specific
M: Measureable
A: Action Oriented
R: Realistic
T: Timely
S: Self-Determined
400
Explain internal narrow attentional focus.
This is when an individual is focusing internally on a very specific thing (thoughts, somatic sensations, emotions, etc.) Used to mentally rehearse an upcoming performance or control an emotional state (e.g., mentally rehearse golf putting or taking a breath to relax)
400
The phenomenon in which individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases is known as the?
Ringelmann effect
400
Define controllability within imagery.
The extent to which the imager is able to see what they want to see and control the outcome of the image - the picture, the thoughts, the emotions, and the arousal.
500
Name all 5 factors that affect the effectiveness of imagery.
Nature of the task: Imagery affects performance of most cognitive tasks such as decision making and perception.
Skill level of the performer: Imagery helps performance for both novice and experienced performers; effects are somewhat stronger for experienced performers.
Imaging ability: Imagery is more effective when individuals are higher in their ability to imagine (have better vividness and control).
Using imagery with physical practice: Imagery should be used in addition to (not instead of) physical practice.
Personality: Certain personality characteristics may be linked with effective imagery (e.g., narcissism).
500
Name five out of the eleven PRINCIPLES OF GOAL SETTING.
Set specific goals
Set moderately difficult, but realistic goals
Set long- and short-term goals
Set performance and process goals as well as outcome goals
Set practice and competition goals
Record goals
Develop goal achievement strategies
Consider participants’ personalities and motivations
Foster an individual’s goal commitment
Provide goal support
Provide evaluation of and feedback about goals. Daily or weekly at a minimum
500
Explain the broad process of choking. The conditions that lead to choking, the physiological changes, attentional changes, and performance impairment.
500
Explain both state and trait anxetiy?
500
Explain broad external attentional focus.
This is when an individual's focus is shifted outside of themselves and spread out across a larger area - taking in the environment and the surroundings. Used to rapidly assess a situation (e.g., a football quarterback rapidly assesses the positioning of the defensive backs)