Intro to Social Psych
What is social psychology of sport?
The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by the presence (or implied presence) of others
What are the two components of perception?
1. What we see
2. How we interpret it
According to the Achievement Goal Theory, someone with an ego orientation would describe competence as...
being better than others
A football safety delivers an illegal hit to a wide receiver. Is this an example of aggression?
A coach believes in the abilities of their athletes and team to succeed. What type of efficacy are they displaying?
Coach efficacy (Type II)
Feelings of insecurity, having at least 3 in a group, and the group having desirable status are 3 predictors of what social psychology phenomenon?
Conformity
Name two impacts of stress on person perception
Tunnel vision; focus on negative cues; lowers cognitive resources; emotional sensitivity; confirmation bias; negative self-schemas
A tennis player feels successful only when they beat their opponent and becomes frustrated during matches where they are improving their skills but still lose, because their focus is on outperforming others rather than personal progress. Which motivational orientation does this best represent?
Ego orientation
According to Kohlberg, at which stage of moral development would an athlete follow the rules of the game in order to gain coach's approval?
Good boy - good girl stage
What 6 things form efficacy beliefs?
1. past experiences
2. vicarious experiences
3. verbal persuasion
4. perceptions of physiological state
5. perceptions of psychological state
6. imaginal experiences
Chloe misses an important goal in her soccer game that she consistently makes in practice. She claims the sun was in her eyes when she made the kick and that's why she missed. What kind of attribution is she making?
Name and describe 2 biases or "cautionary" phenomena that you should be aware of with person perception?
Selective attention, confirmation bias, halo effect, stereotypes, looking-glass self, self-fulfilling prophecy, false consesus effect...also, fundamental attribution bias, self-serving bias
During a rivalry basketball game, an athlete who strongly identifies with their team pushes themselves to dive for loose balls and sprint back on defense because winning feels tied to representing their team and its legacy, making them more motivated to give maximum effort than in a regular game. What theory of motivation best explains this athlete's behavior?
Social identity theory.
What are two ways that the coach can promote positive moral behavior on their team?
Define good sporting behavior in their program, reinforce and model that behavior, explain why certain behaviors are acceptable/unacceptable, ensure physical & psychological safety, foster athlete empowerment, promote a task climate & use coaching that supports autonomy, put winning in perspective, develop team into a value-based environment, connect sport to everyday life, encourage critical thinking, discuss moral dilemmas, build moral dilemmas into practice, focus on athlete strengths
Give an example of relation-inferred self-efficacy
A volleyball player feels more confident in their ability to serve under pressure after noticing that their coach consistently trusts them to serve at critical moments in close matches.
What is fundamental attribution error?
Underemphasizing situational factors for the behavior of others while overemphasizing dispositional factors.
A coach believes that a new player lacks confidence under pressure, so they give them fewer opportunities late in games. With limited chances to perform, the athlete becomes more hesitant and unsure when they do play, confirming the coach’s original belief that they struggle in high-pressure moments. This is an example of which phenomenon?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Name and define the 3 components of self-determination theory
Autonomy, relatedness, and competence
At a basketball game, a referee makes a call that goes against the home team. In the middle of a loud crowd that starts booing and shouting, a fan joins in by yelling insults at the referee; something they likely wouldn’t do if they were watching the game alone. Being surrounded by others makes them feel less personally responsible for their behavior. What theory of aggression does this example most closely align with?
Deindividuation theory
What are some of the key considerations when describing how social comparison might influence efficacy beliefs?
Perceived similarity; upward comparison; downward comparison
Describe 3 social factors that can influence attitude change in sport
Source (authority, status), Message (believability, argument), Receiver (knowledge)...or direct experience, emotional appeals, normative social influence, group norms, social media etc.
According to the continuum model, name 2 circumstances under which it would be more appropriate to use a data-driven approach.
In situations where (1) one has greater attentional resources; (2) accuracy is important; (3) there is personal relevance or high stakes to the situation or person
Name two fo the long-term consequences of a task-orientation on athlete beliefs, emotions, and behaviors
Stronger work ethic, more resilient, persist after failure, strive constructively, and believe their ability can be changed through effort
Name two research findings related to morality in sport
Sport type: collision vs. non-collision; Sport type: team sport vs. individual sport; Sport type: Elite sport vs. youth or high school sport; Motivational climate: Task vs. ego climate; Sport culture: Shapes perceptions of what constitutes fair play; Individual differences: e.g., narcissism
What are the three components of the tripartite model of relational efficacy?
Self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy