Theories and Models
Which theory of aggression holds that individuals lose self-awareness and sense of responsibility in large crowds?
Alice is the star competitor on her gymnastics team. She wins frequently and can perform at a high skill level. Her coach also fosters the development of life skills, such as determination and confidence. As a result, Alice grows as a competitor and a person. What quadrant of the Coach-Athlete Relationship would this situation fall into?
Successful & Effective
What are emotions?
short-lived feeling states triggered by events
What is Groupthink?
Groupthink is a pitfall of cohesion in which highly cohesive teams may discourage or suppress opinions and perspectives that go against the perceived group consensus.
*can lead to damaged performance and less creativity*
What are the 4 processes of emotional intelligence?
1. Perceiving
2. Using
3. Understanding
4. Managing
An athlete is performing a difficult skill in competition for the first time. Will the presence of an audience enhance or inhibit their performance?
Inhibit (social facilitation theory)
Alice is part of a soccer team that just advanced to the state championship. To ensure the team is prepared, her coach implements a mandatory additional practice on Thursday nights. However, Alice attends a study group on Thursday nights for a class that she is struggling with. What type of role conflict is being demonstrated here?
Inter-role conflict (expectations from different contexts clash)
What is identity, and how does it differ from social identity?
Identity is an individual's sense of who they are, including their qualities, self-concept, and feelings of belonging to social groups.
Social identity is how the self is defined based on the attributes we share with others.
What are the two types of role overload and how do they differ?
Quantitative Overload: too many tasks, individual cannot get them all done
Qualitative Overload: individual does not have the skills or resources to fulfill the role
What are the 4 criteria of aggression?
1. It is a behavior (physical or verbal)
2. It involves intent
3. It involves harm or injury
4. It is directed towards another living being who wants to avoid that harm
What are the 4 dimensions of the 3Cs+1 Model and what do they describe?
Closeness: emotional bonds or meaning given to relationship
Commitment: intention to maintain relationship over time
Complementarity: degree of collaboration and cooperation, as well as leadership/followship
Co-orientation: degree to which both parties agree about the nature and quality of relationship
An athlete looks forward to practice not only because they like doing the sport, but also because they enjoy working with and being around their teammates and coaches. Which construct of Carron's Conceptual Model of Group Cohesion is this an example of?
Individual Attractions to the Group-Social (ATG-S)
Which type of group cohesion involves interpersonal liking and bonding?
Group Integration-Task (GI-T)
Group Integration-Social (GI-S)
Individual Attractions to Group-Task (ATG-T)
Individual Attractions to Group-Social (ATG-S)
Identify 3 strategies to manage the effects of performing in front of an audience.
Physiological Strategies: progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), meditation, breath control, imagery to control arousal
Maintaining Attentional Focus and Reducing Distractions: use key words/cues, pre-event/pre-performance routines, simulate competition in practice
Other Strategies: focus on what you can control, perceive audience as a challenge rather than a threat, coaches can help athletes adapt to pressure situations
What are the strategies of the COMPASS Model?
C-Conflict Management
O-Openness
M-Motivation
P-Preventative Strategies
A-Assurance
S-Support
S-Social Networks
A diving team believes that their low scores are due to the judges' biases, leading to enhanced group solidarity and motivation. Which boundary condition of social identity theory does this represent?
1. The exchange of information, messages, and ideas
2. A social process involving the social exchange of symbols or behaviors between two people
3. A form of "social exchange" where resources or commodities are exchanged between two or more parties
What are the 4 things athletes need clarity on regarding their roles?
Scope of responsibilities: understanding the range of tasks for their role
Necessary behaviors: knowing what actions are required to fulfill responsibilities
Evaluation: knowledge of how performance will be assessed
Consequences of unfulfilled responsibilites: understanding repercussions of not fulfilling responsibilities
What are the three main levels of communication?
Based on the role-episode model, how an individual interprets and reacts to the role expectations is known as what type of factor?
focal person-related
A star basketball player misses an important last-minute shot, costing his team the game. They immediately lash out at their teammates and storm off to sulk. As a result, his teammates are more cautious around him, and team morale and cohesion decrease. From this example, which process of emotional intelligence should this athlete focus on improving?
Managing Emotions
What is violence and how does it differ from aggression?
Violence: an extreme form of aggression, in which the perpetrator intends to cause serious harm or injury
Aggression: any behavior directed towards harming another individual (can be verbal or physical)
*All violence is aggression, not all aggression is violence*
A lacrosse team captain openly communicates with other players, involves them in decision-making, and proves that they can be relied upon. Which factor of cohesion does this demonstrate?
Leadership
An athlete is struggling while trying to learn a new skill. However, they prefer to work alone and rarely ask their coaches and teammates for help. When their coach asks if they need help, they typically say no and continue to work independently. What attachment style is this athlete exhibiting?
Avoidant (Dismissive)