Computer concepts
the heart of a computer performs all of the binary operations responsible for a computer’s general functions and issues commands to the rest of the hardware.
CPU
Rodion Raskolnikov, a former student who murders an old pawnbroker to test his belief in his own superior intellect, but suffers extreme guilt, paranoia, and psychological torment. Consumed by his inner turmoil and the investigation closing in, he confesses his crime to Sonia, a compassionate prostitute, and eventually receives a prison sentence in Siberia
Crime and Punishment
change the oxidation state of a compound by reducing or oxidizing it. A compound that is oxidized loses electrons, while a compound that is reduced gains electrons.
Redox
the phenomenon in which certain quantities in quantum mechanics can only take certain discrete values (unlike in classical mechanics, in which quantities can vary continuously)
Quantization
a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA. It allows scientists to generate millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small initial sample. Developed by Kary Mullis in 1983,
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
a large printed circuit board connecting all of the main components of a computer, will contain, at the very least, a socket for the CPU, multiple slots to insert RAM, slots in which to insert a graphics card and/or other expansion cards, connectors for storage drives,
Motherboard
a philosophical novel written from the perspective of a bitter, isolated, and hyper-conscious narrator who critiques modern rationalism, utopian ideals, and societal convention
Notes from Underground
a type of reaction in which two molecules combine to produce a larger molecule with no loss of atoms
Addition reactions
the principle by which a quantum system can exist in a state that is a simultaneous combination of two or more discrete states.
Superposition
used to separate nucleic acids or proteins based on their size and charge. It provides information on the size and quantity of DNA or protein fragments, enabling scientists to confirm the presence of specific genetic sequences or proteins.
Gel electrophoresis
is a form of memory used to store data a computer expects to need within a short amount of time.comes in sticks called DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)
RAM
follows the story of the Karamazov family, centered around the murder of the patriarch, Fyodor Pavlovich, and the subsequent trial of his eldest son, Dmitri.
The Brothers Karamazov
a type of reaction in which one group on a larger molecule is replaced with a different group. The incoming group is usually a nucleophile, and the group that is replaced is called a leaving group.
Substitution reactions
he idea that quantum systems can display both wave-like and particle-like properties.
Wave-particle duality
the process of determining the exact order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. The first breakthrough in the field, Sanger sequencing, was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977 and utilizes dideoxynucleotides
DNA sequencing
he first piece of software that runs upon powering on a computer.performs a computer’s POST (power-on self test), ensuring all hardware components are functioning, and manages the boot order,
the BIOS
Prince Myshkin, a compassionate and naive man, returns to Russia after treatment for epilepsy, becoming entangled in a passionate love triangle with the tormented Nastasya Filippovna and the jealous Parfyon Rogozhin
The Idiot
the opposite of an addition reaction: instead of two molecules coming together to form one molecule, two groups (or, more commonly, one group and a hydrogen atom) are removed from a molecule to form two molecules. The original molecule then usually is stabilized by the creation of a pi bond.
elimination reaction
roughly states that the value of certain pairs of properties cannot be known simultaneously with arbitrary precision
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
a technique used to detect and study specific RNA molecules within a sample. The process begins with the extraction of RNA from a biological sample, followed by its separation by size through gel electrophoresis
Northern blotting
is a connection standard used for computer hardware. First developed in 2003, it is often used as the new standard for connecting graphics cards that replaced the older, slower AGP (Acceleratic Graphics Port
PCI Express
a prophetic novel depicting a fictional Russian town descending into chaos as a revolutionary plot unfolds
Demons
a type of reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule, with the removal of a small molecule in the process usually water.
Condensation reactions
a phenomenon in which a quantum particle passes through a potential energy barrier that it could not pass through classically.
Quantum tunneling
a powerful analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a complex mixture. Developed by W. Neal Burnette in 1981,
Western blotting