Scientists & Experiments
These are the two scientists that won the Nobel Prize for discovering the anti-parallel double-helix shape of DNA
Watson & Crick
This is where DNA is held in Eukaryotic organisms
Nucleus
The four bases that make up DNA
Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Adenine
If you have 13% A, this will be the percentage of G
37%
The scientist witnessed the phenomena of transformation, sparking a series of experiments trying to determine what molecule was responsible
Fred Griffith
These are the proteins that DNA wraps around as it condenses
Histones
The number of bonds between C & G and A & T
3 & 2
The % of C = % of G and the % of A = % of T
Chargaff's Rule
This scientist used this technique to view DNA, ultimately being the key to determining its shape
Rosalind Franklin using X-ray diffraction
These structural components of the chromosome are typically found in heterochromatin form
Centromeres and telomeres
Bonds between DNA bases and bonds between nucleotide monomers
Hydrogen bonds, phosphodiester bonds
This protein digests linker DNA for nucleosomes to be packed close together
Nucleases
The radioactive isotopes used in the Hershey and Chase experiment and which macromolecule they tagged
35 S marked proteins; 32 P marked DNA
This is what is responsible for movement of DNA around a histone
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
The three components that make up a DNA nucleotide
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
This covalent modification tends to increase access to genes while this one tends to decrease it
Acetylation, Methylation
During the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment, this is the enzyme that they used to determine if RNA was the molecule responsible for transformation
RNase
These two proteins utilize ATP to form loops of DNA, then this protein utilizes ATP to form loops within loops, further condensing DNA
Sequence-specific clamp proteins and cohesin; condensin
Directionality of DNA
Anti-parallel
This is responsible for the random patches of orange and black on tortoiseshell cats
X-inactivation