Biodiversity
Causes of the 6th Mass Extinction
What is overexploitation, habitat destruction/degradation, & invasive species
Seed Banks
Store of seeds, meant to preserve plant species in particular (Can include fungi and other seed-bearing organisms, likely won't be asked, but good to know)
Homologies
What is the study of likeness/shared traits from common ancestor
Structural ~ Same underlying structure regardless of function
Genetic ~ Similarity in gene or protein sequence between 2 species
Developmental ~ Ancestral traits maintained during early development due to ancestral genetic cues
Natural selection occurs (4 reasons)
What is
Individual organisms that make up a population vary in traits
Trait differences are heritable
More offspring are produced then can reproduce
Those that reproduce most are NOT a random sample from the population
Value of ecosystem services
what is $31 trillion
Hot Spots
What are all 3 types of diversity
Designating Protected Area
What is an area protected (Such as lakes having boats be cleaned for Mollusks)
Vestigial traits
What is a structure that has lost its original function over time and is now reduced in size
Fitness
What is an organism produces many viable offspring
Discrete Trait inheritance
What is categorical differences typically decided by one or two genes.
IE: Red/purple/blue flowers
Regulating services
What is supports the Earth's ecosystem / part of earth's life-support system
Management Plans
What is a strategic document outlining procedures to handle invasive or endangered species
Populations evolve (T/F)
What is true
Organisms/individuals are naturally selected (T/F)
What is true
Continuous trait inheritance
What is non-distinct categorical differences, typically over a range, and typically controlled by many genes and environmental factors
IE: Human height
The 3 major types of biodiversity
What are Taxonomic, Genetic, and Functional diversity
Genetic Restoration
What is introduction of genetic variation into a gene pool (I.e. introduction of a breeding compatible organism of a different species into a critically endangered species)
Variation arises from
What is genetic mutations (+Genetic recombination)
Genetic Mutation
Random mutations of an organism's DNA (Cellular level)
Assumptions of HWE
No selection
No mutation
No migration
Large population (No genetic drift)
Random mating
Ecosystem Services
What are Provisioning, Cultural, Supporting, and Regulating
Ex Situ Conservation
What is breeding of organisms in a captive environment (Such as a zoo), with the intent or action of releasing them into the wild
Evolution
What is the theory that all species on earth are related by common ancestry, and they have changed over time, and continue to change via natural selection (As well as other processes)
Natural Selection
What is the process that occurs when individuals with certain heritable traits (adaptations) produce more offspring (fitness) than individuals without those traits (passing on the DNA for those traits)
HWE formula
p2+2pq+q2=1.0
p=dominant
q=recessive