Neuron Structure
Contains support structures
soma
structure consisting principally of lipid molecules that defines the outer boundaries of a cell
Phospholipid bilayer that separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid
Neuron cell membrane
A change in the membrane potential making it more negative (less positive)
hyperpolarization
Different shapes of neurons reflect their function (true or false)
true
Receive input from terminal buttons of other neurons
dendrites
microtubules and other protein fibers, linked to each other and forming a cohesive mass that gives a cell its shape
cytoskeleton
A change in the membrane potential making it more positive (less negative)
depolarization
excitatory and depolarizes the membrane
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
large, have long axons, and stimulate muscles
motor neurons
Carries information (Action Potential)
axon
viscous, semiliquid substance contained in the interior of a cell
cytoplasm
Voltage gated Na+ (sodium) channels are in an inactive state
Absolute period
inhibitory and hyperpolarizes the membrane
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
have various shapes that best respond to specific environmental stimuli, such as light, odor, or touch
sensory neurons
Release neurotransmitters
terminal buttons
A stronger than usual stimulus can initiate an AP
relative period
allow positively charged ions to enter the cell, making it more positive
ESPS
have tiny axons and analyze input from one set of neurons and communicate with others
interneurons
Junction between terminal button of axon and membrane of another neuron
Synapse
Principle that once an action potential is triggered in axon, it is propagated, without decrement, to end of fiber
All-or-none law
Provide Structural and functional support for neurons
glial cells