Childhood Problems
As children try new behaviors and experiences, they will adopt new beliefs and values, often ones held by their_______.
friends
_______ can be described as the developmental stage from birth to about two years of age.
Infancy
The developmental stage of early childhood is roughly from two to ___ years of age. During this stage, toilet training is a major developmental issue.
two to six years of age
Parents who are very ______ and bossy often don’t allow their children to speak up, and they may use severe punishments, such as spankings or beatings. As a result, their children are either very shy or very aggressive and often are unhappy
strict
Before children learn to talk, parents will talk to them, not _____ them.
with
____-____ relationships that are not balanced can cause a number of childhood problems. Parental rejection, excessively strict parenting, excessively lenient and negligent parenting, inconsistent parenting, and parental overprotection can all lead to serious problems
Parent-child
The most important emotional task for infants is to ____ or become emotionally attached to the mother, father, and/or primary caretaker.
bond
At this age, children learn to understand different feelings and how to _____ ____ _____.
express those feelings
parents who are not necessarily strict but do have outbursts in which they scream at, embarrass, or _____ criticize their children do not create a healthy relationship with their children.
harshly
______ _____ means that you paraphrase or reword what you are hearing to make sure that you understand it correctly.
Active listening
It is normal for families to have problems. But some families have very serious problems that can be called ______.These may include medical emergencies, parental separation or divorce, parental substance abuse or recovery, job loss, or housing problems.
crises
The most important social task for infants is learning to ______.
trust
An important ____ ______ for children is to learn how to form relationships with others outside of the immediate family.
social task
Parents who constantly give in to their children and don’t have any clear and consistent rules end up with children who are poorly behaved.
lenient
______ sincere efforts increases the likelihood that children will try again and eventually achieve their goals.
Praising
During each stages of development, there are specific tasks that children should accomplish. These tasks can be divided into (1) tasks, (2) tasks, and (3) tasks.
(1) emotional tasks, (2) social tasks, and (3) intellectual tasks
Infants explore the world by touching and _____ objects around them.
tasting
Perhaps the most important intellectual task of early childhood is the drive to explore, discover, and satisfy a sense of _______.
curiosity
Parents who are very ______ about family rules can make children feel confused about what is right and what is wrong, about what is acceptable and what is unacceptable.
inconsistent
The most effective way to help a child with his or her problem is to solve the problem with the child, not for the child. Together, the parent and the child should 1,2,3,4?
(1) define the problem, (2) go over possible solutions, (3) decide together on a solution, and (4) set into motion that solution.
As people grow from infants to adults, they change in a slow manner, as they grow through several stages. These stages can be described as (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , and (5).
(1) infancy, (2) early childhood, (3) preadolescence, (4) adolescence, and (5) adulthood.
Parents and other caretakers can help infants with their developmental tasks by giving them attention and meeting their basic needs, thereby enabling them to trust and to create _______ bonds.
emotional
Parents should be protective at this stage, but allow their children to ____ _____, since that is a necessary part of learning.
make mistakes
No matter what approach to parenting you use, there are a few basics that will help to form the foundation for healthy children. These include expressing love, ____ _____, and showing sensitivity.
expressing love, setting rules, and showing sensitivity
There are a number of ways that effective listening can be shut down if parents respond to their children in the wrong way. Name 4
Not letting the child talk.
Focusing on blame.
Using shame.
Giving long lectures.
Using overgeneralizations.
Not allowing disagreements.