Macromolecules
What are the 4 types of macromolecules and their respective monomers?
-Lipids (Triglycerides)
-Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides)
-Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)
-Proteins (Amino acids)
The concentration of the H+ is inversely proportional to the pH. True or False?
True
what are the monomers of carbohydrates and what functional groups can be found in them?
-monosaccharides
-carbonyl and hydroxyl
What is the difference between a molecule and compound?
-Compound: A substance consisting of two or more different elements.
What are the two categories of isomers?
-Constitutional Isomers
-Stereoisomers (spatial isomers)
What functional group(s) are found in lipids?
Carboxyl
How many grams of NaOH do you need to make 1L of 2M solution?(MW of NaOH= 40g)
80g
What are the three subtypes of carbohydrates and what is the difference between all of them?
-Monosaccharides= simplest sugars
-Disaccharides= two sugars
-Polysaccharides= long chains of monosaccharides
What are the four emergent properties of water?
-Cohesion/Adhesion
-Expansion upon freezing
-Stabilization of temperature
-Versatility as a solvent
What are the three requirements that make an enantiomer?
-Must have a chiral carbon
-Non superimposable/mirror images
-Share same chemical structure and bonds
Which of the four major classes of macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information, and what are the building blocks of this macromolecule?
-Nucleic Acids and nucleotides
What is the pH of a solution that has [OH-] of 1.0x10-2?
pH=12
What are the two types of polysaccharides and give an example of each?
-Storage polysaccharide (starch/glycogen)
-Structural polysaccharide (chitin/cellulose)
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic? Where can both be found?
-Hydrophobic= water fearing
-Hydrophilic= water loving
-Both can be found in the phospholipid bilayer
What is the difference between applied and basic science?
-Applied Science= Science applied to real world problems
-Basic/Pure Science= Science done to simply gain knowledge, regardless of application
Two monosaccharides are joined by a covalent bond called a _____.
Glycosidic Bond
Suppose an organism has 20g of C14 at its time of death. Approximately how much C14 remains after 10,320 years? The half life of C14 is 5700 years?
5.7g
What kind of linkage makes up cellulose?
They are joined by beta 1,4 glycosidic linkages.
Define a solute, solvent, and solution.
Solute= Substance being dissolved
Solvent= Liquid which dissolved a solute
Solution= Mixture of a solute and solvent
What are the three rules of the cell theory?
-All living things are composed of one or more cells
-The cell is the basic unit of life
-All new cells arrive from existing cells
What is the tertiary structure of a protein? What chemical interactions are seen?
It is the overall unique 3D shape of a polypeptide. It is determined by a variety of chemical interactions like ionic bonding, disulfide linkages, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
What is the molarity of a 1L solution made from 298.4g of KCl? (MW of KCl=74.55g)
4 M/mol per liter
What kind of linkage is this?
1,4 alpha glycosidic bond
What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? What is a similarity?
-Dehydration Synthesis= To put together by losing water
-Hydrolysis= Addition of water to break
-Similarity= Both reactions can be catalyzed by a specific enzyme
What is the difference between a scientific law and scientific theory?
-Scientific Theory: Defined as a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and not yet falsified.
-Scientific Law: Describe how elements of nature will behave under specific conditions.