Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism
This hemisphere plays the dominant role in speech and language.
What is the left hemisphere?
Loss of language that occurs suddenly after a stroke, head injury or disease.
What is Aphasia?
The study of sounds of spoken language and the rules that govern how phonemes are combined.
What is phonology?
Refers to the rapid acceleration of the pace at which toddlers add new words to their productive vocabulary.
What is vocabulary burst/spurt?
This refers to how children learn and understand the meanings of words and phrases, expanding their vocabulary and comprehension over time.
What is semantic development
This posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus is known for programming movements for speech
What is Broca’s area?
The movable oral structure responsible for closing off the nasopharyngeal port during production of certain sounds.
What is the velum?
Simplification of adult forms of words that are too complex for a developing system to a level that they can produce and be understood.
What are phonological processes?
What sound is described as a voiced bilabial nasal?
What is the /m/ sound?
This is a word to refer to the smallest unit of sound
What is a phoneme
This posterior first temporal gyrus is known for understanding auditory info
What is Wernicke’s area?
The flap-like cartilage that protects the airway from foreign particles during a swallow.
What is the epiglottis?
The motor skills involved in producing sounds in sequence
What is a Articulation?
At what age can children answers simple questions nonverbally, says 2 to 3 words to label a person or object (pronunciation may not be clear), tries to imitate simple words.
What is 12 months of age?
This word refers to the smallest unit of meaning
What is a morpheme?
These systems are used in speech production
What is
•Respiration (power)
• Phonation (source)
• Articulation (filter)
The three phases of swallowing.
What is oral, pharyngeal and esophageal?
Occurs when the normal phonological processes persist beyond the age when most typically developing children have stopped using them or when the processes used are much different than what would be expected.
What is a phonological disorder?
At what age can speak at least 50 words, are typically gradually adding words for important objects, people, or places, such as "bottle" or "doggie." Start combining two or more words, such as "more peas" or "doggie run,".
What is 24 months of age?
Production differences due to dialects, bilingualism and foreign accents are considered not disorders but something else
What is a language difference?
This highly specialized structure sits atop the windpipe and is responsible for sound production, air passage during breathing and protecting the airway during swallowing.
What is the larynx
This lobe is broadly responsible for hearing, language, smell and long term memory
What is the Temporal lobe
By this age, nearly all children know and correctly produce the sounds of their language
What is 8 years of age?
Speech disorders caused by neuromuscular dysfunction, that is, muscle weakness, incoordination, paralysis due to damage to central and/or peripheral nervous system pathways.
What is DYSARTHRIA OF SPEECH
The aspect of speech production that refers to the continuity, smoothness, rate, and/or effort with which phonologic, lexical, morphologic, and/or syntactic language units are spoken.
What is Fluency?