Study Skills
What is the practice of remembering and recalling information with no resources?
Retrieval Practice
What is the bias of having a belief and looking for confirmation of it, ignoring information that contradicts the statement?
Confirmation Bias
What is the subcortical structure that focuses on memory?
Hippocampus
What part of the neuron takes up information from chemical signals and packages the information, converting it to an electrical signal? This makes up the gray matter in the brain.
Cell body
What is an example of a binocular depth cue?
Convergence: When objects are close to you, your eyes have to turn inward to tell your brain how close something is.
What is the process of spreading out your learning, taking chunks at a time?
Spaced Practice
What is the fallacy that assumes events that have no relation must have been caused by a later event?
Post-hoc Fallacy
What is the subcortical structure that forms emotion?
Amygdala
What are branch-like extensions connected to multiple neurons? Receive chemical signals from neighboring neurons.
Dendrites
What is a monocular depth cue?
Occlusion: When one object partially blocks another object, making the visible object appear closer to the observer.
What is the process of taking information and using textual information to visualize information to encode it into your brain?
Dual coding
What is the bias that states you could have predicted something before it occurred? One becomes convinced they accurately predicted an event before it occurred.
Hindsight Bias
What structure of your brain helps your balance and motor coordination?
Cerebellum
What are sacks of neurotransmitters where electrical signals trigger the release of neurotransmitters?
Terminal Buttons
What is Bowlby's theory of attachment?
Attachment to a caregiver ensures survival and care
What is the concept of mixing up topics you learned to make connections?
Interleaving
What happens when you make mental shortcuts? This helps us make fast but inaccurate assessments, taking what is available and processing it in our minds to make a decision.
Avakabukty heuristic
What are the four lobes of the brain, and what are their purposes?
Frontal lobe: abstract thinking, higher order of cognition, and self-regulation.
Parietal lobe: Touch, processing information receptors
Occipital lobe: Visual Processing
Temporal lobe: Object and facial recognition.
What is the fatty substance covering the axons that increases the speed of electrical signal transmission across the axon, speeding up the process?
Myelin Sheath
What is bottom-up processing, and what is top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing: little bits of sensory information piecing together the bits in an attempt to make a meaningful whole.
Top-down processing: Expectations and previous knowledge/memories go downward and influence how the little bits of sensory information are processed.
What is the method of taking abstract ideas and making it relatable to everyday life?
Concrete examples.
What is the effect when failing to see our own inadequacies? This occurs when a person's lack of knowledge and skill in an area causes them to overestimate their competence.
Dunning-Krueger Effect
What is Brain Plasticity?
The brain's ability to reorganize and adapt its structure and function in response to internal and external stimuli throughout life.
A long extension where the electrical signal is sent.
Axon
What happened in the case study of Genie?
Genie was kept away from everyone since a young age and was isolated in a room strapped to a chair.
- Deprived of visual info, trapped in a dark room
- No one communicated with her, no social interaction
- Wasn't saved until 13 years old, so early experiences caused her brain development to be altered.