Acids and Bases
A substance with a pH of 3 belongs to this classification.
An Acid
Of solids, liquids, and gases, this phase generally has the greatest entropy.
Gases
At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at this relationship.
At equal rates
An acid reacting with a base usually produces water and this type of compound.
This indicator changes from red to blue when placed in a basic solution.
Crushing a solid reactant increases this property, causing the reaction to occur faster.
Surface Area
According to Le Châtelier’s principle, adding more reactant causes equilibrium to shift in this direction.
Right ->
Complete the products: HCl + NaOH → _____ + _____
NaCl+H2O
An unknown solution turns phenolphthalein pink and has a pH of 10. Identify the solution as acidic, basic, or neutral.
Basic
According to collision theory, increasing temperature speeds up a reaction because particles collide more frequently and with more of this.
Kinetic Energy
For the equilibrium A + B ⇌ C + D, removing product C causes the system to shift in this direction.
TO THE RIGHT
This common medicine contains a base that neutralizes excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Tums
A solution has a pH of 2, while another has a pH of 4. Which is safer to handle?
A solution has a pH of 2
Predict whether entropy increases or decreases when liquid water changes into water vapor.
Increases
For N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g), increasing the amount of N2(g) shifts equilibrium toward this side of the equation.
Left
Balance the neutralization reaction: ___HCl + ___Ca(OH)₂ → ___CaCl₂ + ___H₂O
2HCl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O
A substance contains hydroxide ions, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, and has a pH of 12. Identify the substance and give two supporting properties.
What is a base?
Two identical tablets are placed in equal amounts of water. One tablet is whole and the other is crushed. Which reacts faster.
The crushed tablet
For the exothermic reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) + heat, predict the shift caused by increasing temperature.
To the right.
A student wants calcium carbonate to react as quickly as possible with hydrochloric acid. Name three changes that would increase the reaction rate
Increasing temperature, increasing acid concentration, and crushing the calcium carbonate?