Types of Shock
Which shock results from decreased intravascular volume?
Hypovolemic shock
Rationale: Fluid loss reduces circulating volume, impairing perfusion.
In which stage of shock does BP remain normal?
Pre-shock (Compensated)
Rationale: Compensatory mechanisms maintain BP early.
Which type of burn affects only the epidermis and give an example?
Superficial (1st degree)
Sunburn
Rationale: Limited to outer skin layer.
What does the Parkland formula calculate?
Fluid resuscitation needs
Rationale: Guides initial burn management.
What is the first priority in burn emergency care?
Airway management
Rationale: Smoke inhalation and airway compromise are life-threatening.
Which shock is caused by myocardial dysfunction?
Cardiogenic shock
Rationale: Heart’s pumping ability is compromised, lowering cardiac output.
What is the hallmark of uncompensated shock?
Hypotension
Rationale: Body can no longer maintain perfusion.
Which burn is painful, blistered, and heals in <21 days?
Superficial partial-thickness
Rationale: Dermal elements intact, healing is faster.
Which method estimates burn size more precisely than Rule of Nines?
Lund and Browder chart
Rationale: Adjusts for age and body proportions.
Which complication is common in severe burns?
Infection
Rationale: Loss of skin barrier increases infection risk.
Which shock occurs due to spinal cord injury?
Neurogenic shock
Rationale: Loss of sympathetic tone leads to vasodilation and hypotension.
Which intervention is common across all shock types?
Fluid resuscitation
Rationale: Restores circulating volume and improves perfusion.
Which burn may require surgery and causes scarring?
Deep partial-thickness
Rationale: Damage extends deeper into dermis.
Which condition worsens burn healing prognosis?
Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Impairs circulation and tissue repair.
What is a key intervention during the acute phase of burn care?
Wound debridement
Rationale: Prevents infection and promotes healing.
Which shock is triggered by a severe allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock
Rationale: Antigen-antibody reaction causes massive vasodilation and capillary leak.
What is the primary goal in cardiogenic shock management?
Improve cardiac function
Rationale: Limiting myocardial damage and supporting output is key.
Which burn is painless and involves all skin layers?
Full-thickness
Rationale: Nerve endings destroyed, requires grafting.
What is the first priority in burn care?
Airway, breathing, circulation
Rationale: ABCs are critical for survival.
Which nutritional strategy supports burn recovery?
High-protein, high-calorie diet
Rationale: Addresses hypermetabolic state and tissue repair needs.
Which shock is associated with widespread infection and immune dysregulation?
Distributive shock (Septic shock)
Rationale: Infection triggers systemic inflammatory response and vasodilation.
Which medication class is used to regulate HR and initiate vasoconstriction?
Vasoactive drugs
Rationale: They help maintain tissue perfusion and cardiac output.
Which burn type can involve tendon or bone?
Fourth-degree
Rationale: Extends beyond skin into deeper structures.
Which lab value indicates severe sepsis?
Lactate > 4 mmol/L
Rationale: Hyperlactatemia signals poor perfusion and metabolic stress.
Which long-term intervention prevents hypertrophic scarring?
Elastic pressure garments
Rationale: Maintains pressure to reduce scar formation.