Name That Shock!
Shock caused by fluid loss.
What is hypovolemic shock?
Loss of circulating volume → ↓ preload → ↓ cardiac output.
Early stage where body compensates.
What is the compensatory stage?
SNS activation maintains BP temporarily.
Inflammatory response seen in severe shock.
What is SIRS?
Systemic inflammation worsens tissue damage.
Classic vital sign change in early shock.
What is tachycardia?
First compensatory sign.
First-line treatment for hypovolemic shock.
What is IV fluid resuscitation?
Restores circulating volume.
Shock caused by pump failure of the heart.
What is cardiogenic shock?
Heart cannot effectively pump → backup and poor perfusion.
Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction occur in this stage.
What is early (compensatory) shock?
Body attempts to preserve perfusion.
Failure of multiple organ systems.
What is MODS?
End-stage complication of prolonged shock.
Decreased urine output threshold.
What is <30 mL/hr?
Indicates poor renal perfusion.
Medication that constricts blood vessels to raise BP.
What are vasopressors?
Example: norepinephrine.
Shock caused by widespread vasodilation.
What is distributive shock?
Includes septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic.
Blood pressure begins to fall and organs are underperfused.
What is progressive shock?
Compensation fails → worsening hypoxia.
Primary problem in shock at the cellular level.
What is inadequate oxygen delivery?
Leads to cellular death.
Hemodynamic measurement reflecting preload.
What is central venous pressure (CVP)?
Guides fluid therapy.
Medication that improves heart contractility.
What are inotropes?
Example: dobutamine.
Shock caused by physical obstruction to blood flow.
What is obstructive shock?
Examples: pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade.
Stage where organ damage becomes irreversible.
What is refractory (irreversible) shock?
Leads to death despite treatment.
Organ most sensitive to hypoperfusion.
What is the brain?
Early neuro changes = key warning sign.
Advanced monitoring of cardiac output.
What is pulmonary artery catheter monitoring?
Provides detailed cardiac data.
Priority nursing intervention in all shock states.
What is ensuring airway and oxygenation?
ABCs always first.
Type of distributive shock most associated with infection.
What is septic shock?
Triggered by systemic infection → inflammatory response.
Cellular shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
What is lactic acidosis development?
Indicates poor oxygen delivery.
Kidney response to prolonged hypoperfusion.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
↓ urine output is an early indicator.
Mental status change indicating worsening shock.
What is confusion or decreased LOC?
Reflects cerebral hypoxia.
Key fluid type used to expand volume rapidly.
What are isotonic crystalloids (e.g., normal saline)?
First-line resuscitation fluids.