Hemodynamic Physiology
Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume equals this hemodynamic parameter.
What is Cardiac Output?
The four major categories of shock.
What are hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive?
Medication that should ideally be given within 3 hours of traumatic hemorrhage.
What is Tranexamic Acid (TXA)?
Most common cause.
What is acute myocardial infarction?
First-line vasopressor.
What is norepinephrine?
A patient's BP is 90/60.
Their MAP is closest to:
A. 60
B. 70
C. 75
D. 80
What is 70?
Remember MAP ≈ (SBP + 2DBP)/3.
The single best bedside imaging test for immediately evaluating undifferentiated shock.
What is POCUS?
The preferred initial blood product strategy in massive hemorrhage.
What is balanced blood component therapy (1:1:1) or whole blood?
First-line vasopressor.
What is norepinephrine?
Recommended initial crystalloid dose.
What is 30 mL/kg?
A septic patient has:
Warm extremities
Wide pulse pressure
Hyperdynamic LV
Low SVR
Which hemodynamic variable is primarily responsible for the hypotension?
What is decreased systemic vascular resistance?
A patient has
Hypotension
JVD
Clear lungs
Normal LV
Dilated RV
Most likely diagnosis?
What is Massive Pulmonary Embolism?
Name the lethal triad.
What are hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy?
POCUS demonstrates
EF 15%
Large LV
Diffuse B-lines
Diagnosis?
What is cardiogenic shock?
Current definition of septic shock requires vasopressors AND this laboratory abnormality.
What is lactate >2 mmol/L after adequate fluid resuscitation?
Which contributes MOST to oxygen delivery?
A. PaO₂
B. Hemoglobin
C. Heart rate
D. Respiratory rate
What is Hemoglobin?
Hypotension
Distended neck veins
Muffled heart sounds
Diagnosis?
What is Cardiac Tamponade?
Permissive hypotension generally targets what systolic BP in trauma patients without TBI?
What is approximately 80–90 mmHg?
Name TWO temporary mechanical circulatory support devices.
What is (any two)
Impella
VA ECMO
IABP
TandemHeart?
A patient remains hypotensive despite fluids and norepinephrine.
Hyperdynamic LV
Collapsible IVC
Next intervention?
What is additional IV fluids?
A patient has
HR 118
BP 122/78
Lactate 6
ScvO₂ 49%
Skin cool
Despite a normal BP, this patient is experiencing ________.
What is occult shock, or shock?
A patient arrives with
BP 68/40
HR 132
Lactate 7
Cold extremities
Tiny IVC
Hyperdynamic LV
Shock type?
What is hypovolemic shock?
DAILY DOUBLE
A trauma patient has received
8 liters crystalloid
No blood
Temperature 34°C
INR 2.3
pH 7.08
What resuscitation mistake occurred?
What is excessive crystalloid resuscitation?
Patient with STEMI remains hypotensive despite norepinephrine.
Most definitive treatment?
What is emergent coronary reperfusion?
DAILY DOUBLE
A septic patient develops
Elevated JVP
Diffuse B-lines
Poor LV function
Escalating norepinephrine requirements
What complication has likely developed?
What is sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy?