Advanced Process Safety
This thermal parameter is defined as the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external spark or flame.
What is the autoignition temperature?
Cornstarch in water, also known as oobleck, is a classic industrial example of this type of non-Newtonian fluid which increases its apparent viscosity as the shear rate increases.
What is a dilatant (or shear-thickening) fluid?
This reactor engineering parameter is defined as the reciprocal of space time, representing the number of reactor volumes of feed that can be treated per unit time.
What is space velocity?
In engineering economics, this financial parameter is mathematically calculated as gross annual sales revenue minus the total annual manufacturing expenses and annual depreciation costs.
What is gross profit?
This legendary military commander became the first official Emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BC, following the fall of the Roman Republic.
Who is Augustus Caesar?
This complex type of multi-phase material flow is generally assumed by engineers when sizing a relief valve for a severe runaway chemical reaction.
What is two-phase flow?
This engineering modeling concept represents the fictional length of straight pipe that would cause a frictional pressure drop equal to that of a specific valve or fitting.
What is the equivalent length?
This specific variation of the Damkohler number is defined as the chemical reaction rate relative to the convective mass transport rate through the system.
What is the Damkohler number for convection?
Introduced by tax reforms in the late twentieth century, this specific depreciation acronym stands for the primary system used by U.S. industrial businesses for recovering fixed asset costs.
What is MACRS?
This famous ancient Greek philosopher founded the Academy in Athens and was the primary student of Socrates.
Who is Plato?
This specific pressure condition occurs at the outlet of a pressure relief valve during a discharge event, resulting from the cumulative flow in the downstream disposal system.
What is backpressure?
This fundamental fluid dynamics principle states that the absolute velocity of a liquid exiting a sharp-edged hole at the bottom of a tank equals the velocity acquired by a freely falling body dropped from the liquid surface.
What is Torricelli's Law?
This advanced type of continuous processing unit is heavily utilized to increase chemical conversion for thermodynamically limited reactions by removing a product through a selective barrier.
What is a membrane reactor?
This empirical cost-estimating multiplier is applied directly to the total delivered purchase cost of major process equipment to provide a preliminary estimate of the total plant capital investment.
What is the Lang factor?
Built during the Old Kingdom for Pharaoh Khufu, this massive monument stands as the largest of the three iconic pyramids located on the Giza plateau.
What is the Great Pyramid of Giza?
ommonly abbreviated as HAZWOPER, this comprehensive federal OSHA standard dictates safety requirements for hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
What is Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response?
According to the classic Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in a circular tube, the maximum fluid velocity occurs precisely at this geometric location in the cross-section.
What is the pipe centerline?
For a liquid-phase reaction where the rate is totally independent of reactant concentration, this type of ideal reactor requires less volume than a CSTR to reach a high target conversion.
What is a batch reactor (or a plug flow reactor)?
This economic term describes high-risk capital funding provided by outside firms to early-stage technology companies that demonstrate exceptional long-term growth potential.
What is venture capital?
This powerful Mesopotamian empire, ruled by King Hammurabi, is famous for creating one of the earliest written legal codes in recorded history.
What is the Babylonian Empire?
When experimental explosion data are analyzed to find explosive behavior in process vessels, the rate of pressure rise is inversely proportional to this parameter raised to the one-third power.
What is the vessel volume?
This specific type of friction is caused by the direct interaction between a moving fluid and the solid boundary layer, distinct from the shape or form drag of an object.
What is skin drag (or wall drag)?
This mathematical reactor model describes non-ideal flow by assuming that fluid elements of different ages travel through the vessel as small closed packets without exchanging material with other packets.
What is the segregation model?
In project management economics, this descriptive title represents a cost estimation method that is accurate to within twenty to thirty percent, typically utilized during initial feasibility studies.
What is a preliminary estimate?
Located in modern-day Iraq, these legendary terraced structures are celebrated as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, allegedly built by King Nebuchadnezzar II.
What are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?